We are proposing to make a fully sampled map of about 60 sq deg of the nearby Virgo galaxy cluster using both PACS and SPIRE (PMODE). This will provide a wavelength coverage in five bands from about 100 to 600 microns. We estimate that we will detect about 400 galaxies at 250 micron. Our science interests include: a) The detection of dust in the intra-cluster medium, b) Extended cold dust around galaxies. c) FIR-submm luminosity functions, d) The UV to sub-mm spectral energy distribution of galaxies of various morphological types, e) The detection of dust in dwarf and giant elliptical galaxies.
Publication
A surprising consistency between the far-infrared galaxy luminosity functions of the field and Coma . Hickinbottom S. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 442, Issue 2, p.1286-1293 . 442 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stu924 . 2014MNRAS.442.1286H , PACS photometry of the Herschel Reference Survey - far-infrared/submillimetre colours as tracers of dust properties in nearby galaxies . Cortese L. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 440, Issue 1, p.942-956 . 440 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stu175 . 2014MNRAS.440..942C , Scaling relations and baryonic cycling in local star-forming galaxies. I. The sample . Ginolfi M. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2020A&A...638A...4G , DustPedia: the relationships between stars, gas, and dust for galaxies residing in different environments . Davies J. I. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2019A&A...626A..63D , Old and young stellar populations in DustPedia galaxies and their role in dust heating . Nersesian A. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2019A&A...624A..80N , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XVIII. Star-forming dwarf galaxies in a cluster environment . Grossi M. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 574, id.A126, 30 pp. . 574 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424866 . 2015A&A...574A.126G , Bars as seen by Herschel and Sloan . Consolandi Guido et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 598, id.A114, 6 pp. . 598 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629213 . 2017A&A...598A.114C , DustPedia: A Definitive Study of Cosmic Dust in the Local Univ...erse . Davies J. I. et al. . Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume 129, Issue 974, pp. 044102 (2017). . 129 . 10.1088\/1538-3873\/129\/974\/044102 . 2017PASP..129d4102D , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XX. Dust and gas in the foreground Galactic cirrus . Bianchi S. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 597, id.A130, 25 pp. . 597 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629013 . 2017A&A...597A.130B , Far-infrared observations of an unbiased sample of gamma-ray burst host galaxies . Kohn S. A. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 448, Issue 2, p.1494-1503 . 448 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stv088 . 2015MNRAS.448.1494K , Far-infrared colours of nearby late-type galaxies in the Herschel Reference Survey . Boselli A. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 540, id.A54, 22 pp. . 540 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201118602 . 2012A&A...540A..54B , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey . II. Truncated dust disks in H I-deficient spirals . Cortese L. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L49, 5 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014550 . 2010A&A...518L..49C , Can Dust Emission be Used to Estimate the Mass of the Interstellar Medium in Galaxies—A Pilot Project with the Herschel Reference Survey . Eales Stephen et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 761, Issue 2, article id. 168, 9 pp. (2012). . 761 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/761\/2\/168 . 2012ApJ...761..168E , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey . VII. Dust in cluster dwarf elliptical galaxies . De Looze I. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L54, 5 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014647 . 2010A&A...518L..54D , The dust scaling relations of the Herschel Reference Survey . Cortese L. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 540, id.A52, 17 pp. . 540 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201118499 . 2012A&A...540A..52C , On the scaling relations of bulges and early-type galaxies . Pastrav Bogdan A. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2021MNRAS.506..452P , The dustier early-type galaxies deviate from late-type galaxies. scaling relations . Lianou S. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 461, Issue 3, p.2856-2866 . 461 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stw1467 . 2016MNRAS.461.2856L , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey . VI. The far-infrared view of M 87 . Baes M. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L53, 5 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014555 . 2010A&A...518L..53B , Investigating the Covering Fraction Distribution of Swift/BAT AGNs with X-Ray and Infrared Observations . Lanz Lauranne et al. . The Astrophysical Journal . null . null . 2019ApJ...870...26L , The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS). V. Ultraviolet diffuse emission and cirrus properties in the Virgo cluster direction . Boissier S. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 579, id.A29, 11 pp. . 579 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201526089 . 2015A&A...579A..29B , Reproducing the Universe: a comparison between the EAGLE simulations and the nearby DustPedia galaxy sample . Trčka Ana et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2020MNRAS.494.2823T , The star formation properties of the observed and simulated AGN Universe: BAT versus EAGLE . Jackson Thomas M. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2020MNRAS.498.2323J , Dust emission profiles of DustPedia galaxies . Mosenkov A. V. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 622, id.A132, 24 pp. . 622 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833932 . 2019A&A...622A.132M , Far-infrared and dust properties of present-day galaxies in the EAGLE simulations . Camps Peter et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 462, Issue 1, p.1057-1075 . 462 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stw1735 . 2016MNRAS.462.1057C , Using dust, gas and stellar mass-selected samples to probe dust sources and sinks in low-metallicity galaxies . De Vis P. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 471, Issue 2, p.1743-1765 . 471 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stx981 . 2017MNRAS.471.1743D , Submillimetre photometry of 323 nearby galaxies from the Herschel Reference Survey . Ciesla L. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 543, id.A161, 95 pp. . 543 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201219216 . 2012A&A...543A.161C , Far-reaching dust distribution in galaxy discs . Smith Matthew W. L. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 462, Issue 1, p.331-344 . 462 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stw1611 . 2016MNRAS.462..331S , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. X. The relationship between cold dust and molecular gas content in Virgo spirals . Corbelli E. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 542, id.A32, 11 pp. . 542 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117329 . 2012A&A...542A..32C , Star Formation Bimodality in Early-type Galaxies . Amblard A. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 783, Issue 2, article id. 135, 31 pp. (2014). . 783 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/783\/2\/135 . 2014ApJ...783..135A , BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. XI. The Covering Factor of Dust and Gas in Swift/BAT Active Galactic Nuclei . Ichikawa Kohei et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 870, Issue 1, article id. 31, 16 pp. (2019). . 870 . 10.3847\/1538-4357\/aaef8f . 2019ApJ...870...31I , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. III. A constraint on dust grain lifetime in early-type galaxies . Clemens M. S. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L50, 4 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014533 . 2010A&A...518L..50C , Dust grain size evolution in local galaxies: a comparison between observations and simulations . Relaño M. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2022MNRAS.515.5306R , Towards a census of high-redshift dusty galaxies with Herschel. A selection of 500 μm-risers . Donevski D. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 614, id.A33, 26 pp. . 614 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201731888 . 2018A&A...614A..33D , The post-Herschel view of intrinsic AGN emission: constructing templates for galaxy and AGN emission at IR wavelengths . Bernhard E. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2021MNRAS.503.2598B , Probing the spectral shape of dust emission with the DustPedia galaxy sample . Nersesian Angelos et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2021MNRAS.506.3986N , H-ATLAS/GAMA and HeViCS - dusty early-type galaxies in different environments . Agius N. K. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 451, Issue 4, p.3815-3835 . 451 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stv1191 . 2015MNRAS.451.3815A , The local luminosity function of star-forming galaxies derived from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue . Negrello M. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 429, Issue 2, p.1309-1323 . 429 . 10.1093\/mnras\/sts417 . 2013MNRAS.429.1309N , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XVII. SPIRE point-source catalogs and number counts . Pappalardo Ciro et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 573, id.A129, 13 pp. . 573 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424549 . 2015A&A...573A.129P , Infrared Photometric Study of Wolf–Rayet Galaxies . Chen P. S. et al. . The Astronomical Journal, Volume 155, Issue 1, article id. 17, 12 pp. (2018). . 155 . 10.3847\/1538-3881\/aa988c . 2018AJ....155...17C , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XIX. Physical properties of low luminosity FIR sources at z < 0.5 . Pappalardo Ciro et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 589, id.A11, 15 pp. . 589 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201528008 . 2016A&A...589A..11P , The Herschel Fornax Cluster Survey II: FIR properties of optically selected Fornax cluster galaxies . Fuller C. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 440, Issue 2, p.1571-1589 . 440 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stu369 . 2014MNRAS.440.1571F , The ISM scaling relations in DustPedia late-type galaxies: A benchmark study for the Local Universe . Casasola V. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2020A&A...633A.100C , The selective effect of environment on the atomic and molecular gas-to-dust ratio of nearby galaxies in the Herschel Reference Survey . Cortese L. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 459, Issue 4, p.3574-3584 . 459 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stw801 . 2016MNRAS.459.3574C , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. I. Luminosity function . Davies J. I. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L48, 4 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014571 . 2010A&A...518L..48D , Infrared colours and spectral energy distributions of hard X-ray selected obscured and Compton-thick active galactic nuclei . Kilerci Eser Ece et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2020MNRAS.494.5793K , A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE). VII. Bridging the cluster-ICM-galaxy evolution at small scales . Longobardi A. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2020A&A...644A.161L , The bolometric and UV attenuation in normal spiral galaxies of the Herschel Reference Survey . Viaene S. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 586, id.A13, 13 pp. . 586 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201527586 . 2016A&A...586A..13V , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XV. Planck submillimetre sources in the Virgo Cluster . Baes M. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 562, id.A106, 16 pp. . 562 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322384 . 2014A&A...562A.106B , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XII. FIR properties of optically selected Virgo cluster galaxies . Auld R. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 428, Issue 3, p.1880-1910 . 428 . 10.1093\/mnras\/sts125 . 2013MNRAS.428.1880A , Star-forming dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster: the link between molecular gas, atomic gas, and dust . Grossi M. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 590, id.A27, 19 pp. . 590 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201628123 . 2016A&A...590A..27G , CO Excitation, Molecular Gas Density, and Interstellar Radiation Field in Local and High-redshift Galaxies . Liu Daizhong et al. . The Astrophysical Journal . null . null . 2021ApJ...909...56L , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - VIII. The Bright Galaxy Sample . Davies J. I. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 419, Issue 4, pp. 3505-3520. . 419 . 10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2011.19993.x . 2012MNRAS.419.3505D , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. Resolved dust analysis of spiral galaxies . Smith M. W. L. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L51, 5 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014584 . 2010A&A...518L..51S , Fraction of bolometric luminosity absorbed by dust in DustPedia galaxies . Bianchi S. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 620, id.A112, 21 pp. . 620 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833699 . 2018A&A...620A.112B , Deciphering the radio star formation correlation on kpc scales. I. Adaptive kernel smoothing experiments . Vollmer B. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2020A&A...633A.144V , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. V. Star-forming dwarf galaxies - dust in metal-poor environments . Grossi M. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L52, 5 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014653 . 2010A&A...518L..52G , Quantifying the cool ISM in radio AGNs: evidence for late-time retriggering by galaxy mergers and interactions . Bernhard E. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2022MNRAS.512...86B , Dust Heating By Low-mass Stars in Massive Galaxies at z< 1 . Kajisawa M. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 801, Issue 2, article id. 134, 8 pp. (2015). . 801 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/801\/2\/134 . 2015ApJ...801..134K , The dust-star interplay in late-type galaxies at z &lt; 0.5: Forecasts for the JWST . Pappalardo Ciro et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2021A&A...655A.104P , Towards understanding the relation between the gas and the attenuation in galaxies at kpc scales . Boquien M. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 554, id.A14, 24 pp. . 554 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201220768 . 2013A&A...554A..14B , Searching for Nuclear Obscuration in the Infrared Spectra of Nearby FR I Radio Galaxies . Gleisinger R. C. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal . null . null . 2020ApJ...905...42G , LLAMA: normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies . Rosario D. J. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 473, Issue 4, p.5658-5679 . 473 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stx2670 . 2018MNRAS.473.5658R , The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS). VIII. Diffuse dust in the Virgo intra-cluster space . Longobardi A. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2020A&A...633L...7L , The distribution of interstellar dust in CALIFA edge-on galaxies via oligochromatic radiative transfer fitting . De Geyter Gert et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 441, Issue 1, p.869-885 . 441 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stu612 . 2014MNRAS.441..869D , Dust emissivity and absorption cross section in DustPedia late-type galaxies . Bianchi S. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2019A&A...631A.102B , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XVI. A cluster inventory . Davies J. I. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 438, Issue 3, p.1922-1947 . 438 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stt2213 . 2014MNRAS.438.1922D , The bivariate K-band-submillimetre luminosity functions of the local HRS galaxy sample . Andreani P. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 566, id.A70, 8 pp. . 566 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322747 . 2014A&A...566A..70A , Investigating the growing population of massive quiescent galaxies at cosmic noon . Sherman Sydney et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2020MNRAS.499.4239S , The distribution of dust in edge-on galaxies: I. The global structure . Mosenkov Aleksandr V. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2022MNRAS.515.5698M , Dissecting Nearby Galaxies with piXedfit. I. Spatially Resolved Properties of Stars, Dust, and Gas as Revealed by Panchromatic SED Fitting . Abdurro'uf Lin et al. . The Astrophysical Journal . null . null . 2022ApJ...926...81A , The Galaxy End Sequence . Eales Stephen et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 465, Issue 3, p.3125-3133 . 465 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stw2875 . 2017MNRAS.465.3125E , DustPedia: Multiwavelength photometry and imagery of 875 nearby galaxies in 42 ultraviolet-microwave bands . Clark C. J. R. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 609, id.A37, 30 pp. . 609 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201731419 . 2018A&A...609A..37C , Evidence that the AGN dominates the radio emission in z ˜ 1 radio-quiet quasars . White Sarah V. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 468, Issue 1, p.217-238 . 468 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stx284 . 2017MNRAS.468..217W , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XIV. Transition-type dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster . De Looze Ilse et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 436, Issue 2, p.1057-1073 . 436 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stt1626 . 2013MNRAS.436.1057D , A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE). II. Constraining the quenching time in the stripped galaxy NGC 4330 . Fossati M. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 614, id.A57, 17 pp. . 614 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201732373 . 2018A&A...614A..57F , Molecular and atomic gas in dust lane early-type galaxies - I. Low star formation efficiencies in minor merger remnants . Davis Timothy A. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 449, Issue 4, p.3503-3516 . 449 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stv597 . 2015MNRAS.449.3503D , The Herschel Reference Survey: Dust in Early-type Galaxies and across the Hubble Sequence . Smith M. W. L. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 748, Issue 2, article id. 123, 25 pp. (2012). . 748 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/748\/2\/123 . 2012ApJ...748..123S , X-Ray Binary Luminosity Function Scaling Relations in Elliptical Galaxies: Evidence for Globular Cluster Seeding of Low-mass X-Ray Binaries in Galactic Fields . Lehmer Bret D. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . null . null . 2020ApJS..248...31L , Dust spectral energy distributions of nearby galaxies: an insight from the Herschel Reference Survey . Ciesla L. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A128, 33 pp. . 565 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201323248 . 2014A&A...565A.128C , Panchromatic spectral energy distributions of simulated galaxies: results at redshift z = 0 . Goz David et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 469, Issue 4, p.3775-3791 . 469 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stx869 . 2017MNRAS.469.3775G , FIR colours and SEDs of nearby galaxies observed with Herschel . Boselli A. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 518, id.L61, 5 pp. . 518 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014534 . 2010A&A...518L..61B , A nearby galaxy perspective on dust evolution. Scaling relations and constraints on the dust build-up in galaxies with the DustPedia and DGS samples . Galliano Frédéric et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2021A&A...649A..18G , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. Dust in early-type galaxies . di Serego Alighieri S. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 552, id.A8, 22 pp. . 552 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201220551 . 2013A&A...552A...8D , UV to submillimetre luminosity functions of TNG50 galaxies . Trčka Ana et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2022MNRAS.516.3728T , The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XI. Environmental effects on molecular gas and dust in spiral disks . Pappalardo C. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 545, id.A75, 17 pp. . 545 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201219689 . 2012A&A...545A..75P , Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excitation in nearby spiral galaxies . Bendo G. J. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . null . null . 2020MNRAS.496.1393B ,
Instrument
SPIRE\/PACS parallel_SpirePacsParallel_
Temporal Coverage
2009-11-29T01:33:14Z/2009-11-29T19:20:02Z
Version
SPG v14.2.0
Mission Description
Herschel was launched on 14 May 2009! It is the fourth 'cornerstone' mission in the ESA science programme. With a 3.5 m Cassegrain telescope it is the largest space telescope ever launched. It is performing photometry and spectroscopy in approximately the 55-671 µm range, bridging the gap between earlier infrared space missions and groundbased facilities.
European Space Agency, 2010, Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey Openparhevicsclosepar, SPG v14.2.0, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-zmqfw3d
