KPL/PCK
P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file
===========================================================================
By: Nat Bachman (NAIF) 1997 November 19
Organization
--------------------------------------------------------
The contents of this file are as follows.
Introductory Information:
-- Version description
-- Disclaimer
-- Sources
-- Explanation
-- Body numbers and names
Pck Data:
-- Orientation constants for the Sun and planets
-- Orientation constants for satellites
-- Orientation constants for asteroids Gaspra and Ida
-- Radii of Sun and planets
-- Radii of satellites, where available
-- Radii of asteroids Gaspra and Ida
Version description
--------------------------------------------------------
This file was created on November 19, 1997. This is a
"bug fix" release which corrects errors found in the
previous version of this file: PCK00005.TPC, released
June 25, 1995. A corrections have been made to the W0 term
for Metis; the value published in the 1994 IAU report was
incorrect. Also, corrections have been made to the assignments
of values for Phobos: the RA, Dec, and W assignments for
Phobos had extraneous trailing zeros in their coefficient sets,
and the nutation precession coefficient sets lacked a final
set of trailing zeros. This error caused incorrect evaluation
of Phobos's orientation on some computer systems.
The data in the file are based primarily on the `Report
of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic
Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets
and Satellites: 1994'. See `Sources' below for details.
This file contains updates of constants contained in the
previous version of the file, plus data for the asteroids
Gaspra and Ida.
The use of the `PCK_version' kernel variable has been
discontinued. The previous file version was pck00004.tpc.
Disclaimer
--------------------------------------------------------
This constants file may not contain the parameter values that
you prefer. Note that this file may be readily modified by
you or anyone else. NAIF suggests that you inspect this file
visually before proceeding with any critical or extended
data processing.
NAIF requests that you update the `by line' and date if you
modify the file.
Sources
--------------------------------------------------------
The sources for the constants listed in this file are:
1. `Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on
Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of
the Planets and Satellites: 1994', to be published.
2. `The Astronomical Almanac', 1993.
3. `Planetary Geodetic Control Using Satellite
Imaging', Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 84,
No. B3, March 10, 1979, by Thomas C. Duxbury. This
paper is cataloged as NAIF document 190.0.
4. Letter from Thomas C. Duxbury to Dr. Ephraim
Lazeryevich Akim, Keldish Institute of Applied
Mathematics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR.
This letter is catalogued as NAIF document number
195.0.
5. `Geophysical Coordinate Transformations', by Christopher
T. Russell. Cosmic Electrodynamics 2 (1971) 184-186.
NAIF document 181.0.
6. `Placeholder' values were supplied by NAIF for some radii
of the bodies listed below:
Body NAIF ID code
---- ------------
Thebe 514
Metis 516
Helene 612
Larissa 807
See the discussion below for further information.
7. The correct value of the Metis W0 term is given in JPL IOM
312.F-97-059 "Revised rotation angle for Jupiter satellite
516 Metis," September 16, 1997, by J. H. Lieske.
Most values are from the `IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on
Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the
Planets and Satellites: 1994'. All exceptions are commented
where they occur in this file. The exceptions are:
-- Radii for the Sun are from [2].
-- The values for the latitude and longitude of the
Northern hemisphere projection of the Earth's magnetic
dipole are from [5].
-- The second nutation precession angle (M2) for Mars is
represented by a quadratic polynomial in the 1994
IAU report. The SPICELIB subroutine BODEUL can not
handle this term (which is extremely small), so we
truncate the polynomial to a linear one.
-- The expressions for the pole and prime meridian of
Neptune given in the IAU report include
trigonometric terms which BODEUL doesn't yet handle.
We omit these terms. See the comments accompanying the
data for Neptune for further information.
-- For several satellites, the 1994 IAU report either gives a
single radius value or a polar radius and a single equatorial
radius. NAIF Toolkit software that uses body radii expects
to find three radii whenever these data are read from the kernel
pool. In the cases listed below, NAIF has supplied an
additional radius value in order to allow the software to
function. Wherever this was done, the fact has been noted,
and comments indicate which radius values were given by
the IAU report. The `invented' values were created by NAIF
and should not be used in any application requiring values
sanctioned by an authoritative source.
The affected satellites are:
Body NAIF ID code
---- ------------
Thebe 514
Metis 516
Helene 612
Larissa 807
-- The W0 term for Metis is from [7].
`Old values' listed are from the SPICE P_constants file
dated June 25, 1990. Most of these values came from the
1988 IAU report.
Explanation
--------------------------------------------------------
The NAIF Toolkit software that uses this file is documented in
the NAIF `Required Reading' file PCK.REQ. See that document
for a detailed explanation of the NAIF text kernel file format.
PCK.REQ is available in both printed and electronic form.
This file, which is logically part of the SPICE P-kernel,
contains constants used to model the orientation and shape of
the Sun, planets, and satellites. The orientation models
express the direction of the pole and location of the prime
meridian of a body as a function of time. The shape models
represent all bodies as ellipsoids, using two equatorial
radii and a polar radius. Spheroids and spheres are obtained
when two or all three radii are equal.
Orientation models
All of the orientation models use three Euler angles to
describe body orientation. To be precise, the Euler angles
describe the orientation of the coordinate axes of the
`Body Equator and Prime Meridian' system with respect to
an inertial system. By default, the inertial system is
J2000 (also called `EME2000'), but other frames can be
specified in the file. See the PCK Required Reading for
details.
The first two angles, in order, are the right ascension and
declination (henceforth RA and DEC) of the north pole of a
body as a function of time. The third angle is the prime
meridian location (represented by `W'), which is expressed
as a rotation about the north pole, and is also a function of time.
For the Sun and planets, the expressions for the north pole's
right ascension and declination, as well as prime meridian location,
are always (as far as the models that appear in this file are
concerned) quadratic polynomials, where the independent variable is
time. Some coefficients may be zero.
In this file, the time arguments in expressions always refer
to Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB), measured in centuries or
days past the a reference epoch. By default, the reference
epoch is the J2000 epoch, which is Julian ephemeris date
2451545.0, but other epochs can be specified in the file. See
the PCK Required Reading for details.
Example: 1991 IAU Model for orientation of the Earth. Note that
these values are used as an example only; see the data area below
for current values.
alpha = 0.00 - 0.641 T ( RA )
0
delta = 90.0 - 0.557 T ( DEC )
0
W = 190.16 + 360.9856235 d ( Prime meridian )
T represents centuries past J2000 ( TDB ),
d represents days past J2000 ( TDB ).
In this file, the polynomials' coefficients above are assigned to the
symbols
BODY399_POLE_RA
BODY399_POLE_DEC
BODY399_POLE_PM
as follows:
BODY399_POLE_RA = ( 0. -0.641 0. )
BODY399_POLE_DEC = ( +90. -0.557 0. )
BODY399_PM = ( 190.16 +360.9856235 0. )
Note the number `399'; this is the NAIF ID code for the Earth.
You'll see an additional symbol grouped with the ones listed here; it
is
BODY399_LONG_AXIS
This term is zero for all bodies except Mars. It represents the offset
between the longest axis of the triaxial ellipsoid used to model a
body and the prime meridian of the body.
Expressions for satellites are a little more complicated; in addition
to polynomial terms, there are trigonometric terms. The arguments of
the trigonometric terms are linear polynomials. In this file, we call
the arguments of these trigonometric terms `nutation precession
angles'.
In this file, the polynomial expressions for the nutation precession
angles are listed along with the planet's RA, DEC, and prime meridian
terms.
Example: 1991 IAU nutation precession angles for Earth. Note that these
values are used as an example only; see the data area below for current
values.
E1 = 125.045 - 0.052992 d
E2 = 250.090 - 0.105984 d
E3 = 260.008 + 13.012001 d
E4 = 176.625 + 13.340716 d
E5 = 357.529 + 0.985600 d
d represents days past J2000 ( TDB )
Because the NAIF Toolkit software expects the time units for the
angles to be CENTURIES (as in the IAU models for most bodies--the
Earth is an exception), the linear coefficients are scaled by 36525.0
in the assignments:
BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 125.045 -1935.5328
250.090 -3871.0656
260.008 475263.336525
176.625 487269.6519
357.529 35999.04 )
As stated above, the satellite orientation models use polynomial and
trigonometric terms, where the arguments of the trigonometric terms
are the `nutation precession angles'.
Example: 1988 IAU values for the Moon. Again, these values are used
as an example only; see the data area below for current values.
alpha = 270.000 + 0.003 T - 3.878 sin(E1) - 0.120 sin(E2)
0
+ 0.070 sin(E3) - 0.017 sin(E4) (RA)
delta = 66.541 + 0.013 T + 1.543 cos(E1) + 0.024 cos(E2)
0
- 0.028 cos(E3) + 0.007 cos(E4) (DEC)
W = 38.317 + 13.1763582 d + 3.558 sin(E1)
+ 0.121 sin(E2)
- 0.064 sin(E3)
+ 0.016 sin(E4)
+ 0.025 sin(E5) ( Prime
meridian )
d represents days past J2000.
E1--E5 are the nutation precession angles.
The polynomial terms are assigned to symbols by the statements
BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 270.000 0.003 0. )
BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( +66.541 0.013 0. )
BODY301_PM = ( 38.317 +13.1763582 0. )
The coefficients of the trigonometric terms are assigned to symbols by
the statements
BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.878 -0.120 +0.070 -0.017 0. )
BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( +1.543 +0.024 -0.028 +0.007 0. )
BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM = ( +3.558 +0.121 -0.064 +0.016 +0.025 )
Note that for the RA and PM (prime meridian) assignments, the ith term
is the coefficient of sin(Ei) in the expression used in the IAU model,
while for the DEC assignment, the ith term is the coefficient of
cos(Ei) in the expression used in the IAU model.
NAIF software expects the models for satellite orientation to
follow the form of the model shown here: the polynomial portions of the
RA, DEC, and W expressions are expected to be quadratic, the
trigonometric terms for RA and W (satellite prime meridian) are expected
to be linear combinations of sines of nutation precession angles, the
trigonometric terms for DEC are expected to be linear combinations of
cosines of nutation precession angles, and the polynomials for the nutation
precession angles themselves are expected to be linear.
Eventually, the software will handle more complex expressions, we
expect.
Shape models
There is only one kind of shape model supported by the NAIF Toolkit
software at present: the triaxial ellipsoid. The 1994 IAU report does
not use any other models.
For each body, three radii are listed: The first number is
the largest equatorial radius (the length of the semi-axis
containing the prime meridian), the second number is the smaller
equatorial radius, and the third is the polar radius.
Example: Radii of the Earth.
BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.14 6378.14 6356.75 )
Body numbers and names
--------------------------------------------------------
1 Mercury barycenter
2 Venus barycenter
3 Earth barycenter
4 Mars barycenter
5 Jupiter barycenter
6 Saturn barycenter
7 Uranus barycenter
8 Neptune barycenter
9 Pluto barycenter
10 Sun
While not relevant to the P_constants kernel, we note here for
completeness that 0 is used to represent the solar system
barycenter.
199 Mercury
299 Venus
399 Earth
301 Moon
499 Mars
401 Phobos 402 Deimos
599 Jupiter
501 Io 502 Europa 503 Ganymede 504 Callisto
505 Amalthea 506 Himalia 507 Elara 508 Pasiphae
509 Sinope 510 Lysithea 511 Carme 512 Ananke
513 Leda 514 Thebe 515 Adrastea 516 Metis
699 Saturn
601 Mimas 602 Enceladus 603 Tethys 604 Dione
605 Rhea 606 Titan 607 Hyperion 608 Iapetus
609 Phoebe 610 Janus 611 Epimetheus 612 Helene
613 Telesto 614 Calypso 615 Atlas 616 Prometheus
617 Pandora 618 Pan
799 Uranus
701 Ariel 702 Umbriel 703 Titania 704 Oberon
705 Miranda 706 Cordelia 707 Ophelia 708 Bianca
709 Cressida 710 Desdemona 711 Juliet 712 Portia
713 Rosalind 714 Belinda 715 Puck
899 Neptune
801 Triton 802 Nereid 803 Naiad 804 Thalassa
805 Despina 806 Galatea 807 Larissa 808 Proteus
999 Pluto
901 Charon
9511010 Asteriod Gaspra
2431010 Asteroid Ida
Orientation constants for the Sun and planets
--------------------------------------------------------
Sun
Old values:
Values for the Sun in the 1994 report are the same as in the
1991 report.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY10_POLE_RA = ( 286.13 0. 0. )
BODY10_POLE_DEC = ( 63.87 0. 0. )
BODY10_PM = ( 84.10 +14.18440 0. )
BODY10_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Mercury
Old values:
body199_pole_ra = ( 281.01, -0.033, 0. )
body199_pole_dec = ( 61.45, -0.005, 0. )
body199_pm = ( 329.71 +6.1385025 0. )
body199_long_axis = ( 0. )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY199_POLE_RA = ( 281.01, -0.033, 0. )
BODY199_POLE_DEC = ( 61.45, -0.005, 0. )
BODY199_PM = ( 329.68 +6.1385025 0. )
BODY199_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Venus
Old values:
Values for the Venus in the 1994 report are the same as in the
1991 report.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY299_POLE_RA = ( 272.76 0. 0. )
BODY299_POLE_DEC = ( +67.16 0. 0. )
BODY299_PM = ( 160.20 -1.4813688 0. )
BODY299_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Earth
Old values:
Values shown are from the 1988 IAU report.
body399_pole_ra = ( 0. -0.641 0. )
body399_pole_dec = ( +90. -0.557 0. )
body399_pm = ( 190.16 +360.9856235 0. )
body399_long_axis = ( 0. )
The linear terms before and after scaling:
-.052992 --> -1935.5328
-.105984 --> -3871.0656
-13.012 --> -475263.3
13.340716 --> +487269.6519
-.9856 --> -35999.04
body3_nut_prec_angles = ( 125.045 -1935.5328
249.390 -3871.0656
196.694 -475263.3
176.630 +487269.6519
358.219 -35999.04 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY399_POLE_RA = ( 0. -0.641 0. )
BODY399_POLE_DEC = ( +90. -0.557 0. )
BODY399_PM = ( 190.16 +360.9856235 0. )
BODY399_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Nutation precession angles for the Earth-Moon system:
The linear coefficients have been scaled up from degrees/day
to degrees/century, because the SPICELIB PCK reader expects
these units. The original constants were:
125.045D0 -0.0529921D0
250.089D0 -0.1059842D0
260.008D0 13.0120009D0
176.625D0 13.3407154D0
357.529D0 0.9856003D0
311.589D0 26.4057084D0
134.963D0 13.0649930D0
276.617D0 0.3287146D0
34.226D0 1.7484877D0
15.134D0 -0.1589763D0
119.743D0 0.0036096D0
239.961D0 0.1643573D0
25.053D0 12.9590088D0
\begindata
BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 125.045 -1935.5364525000
250.089 -3871.0729050000
260.008 475263.3328725000
176.625 487269.6299850000
357.529 35999.0509575000
311.589 964468.4993100001
134.963 477198.8693250000
276.617 12006.3007650000
34.226 63863.5132425000
15.134 -5806.6093575000
119.743 131.8406400000
239.961 6003.1503825000
25.053 473327.7964200000 )
\begintext
Northern hemisphere projection of the Earth's magnetic dipole:
Coordinates are planetocentric. Values are from [5].
\begindata
BODY399_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LON = ( -69.761 )
BODY399_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LAT = ( 78.565 )
\begintext
Mars
Old values:
Values shown are from the 1991 IAU report.
body499_pole_ra = ( 317.681 -0.108 0. )
body499_pole_dec = ( +52.886 -0.061 0. )
body499_pm = ( 176.868 +350.8919830 0. )
body4_nut_prec_angles = ( 169.51 -15916.2801
192.93 +41215163.19675
53.47 -662.965275
36.53 +662.965275 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY499_POLE_RA = ( 317.681 -0.108 0. )
BODY499_POLE_DEC = ( +52.886 -0.061 0. )
BODY499_PM = ( 176.901 +350.8919830 0. )
\begintext
Source [3] specifies the following value for the lambda_a term
(BODY4_LONG_AXIS ) for Mars.
This term is the POSITIVE WEST LONGITUDE, measured from the prime
meridian, of the longest axis of the ellipsoid representing the `mean
planet surface', as the article states.
body499_long_axis = ( 110. )
Source [4] specifies the lambda_a value
body499_long_axis = ( 104.9194 )
We list these lambda_a values for completeness. The IAU gives equal
values for both equatorial radii, so the lambda_a offset does not
apply to the IAU model.
The 1994 IAU report defines M2, the second nutation precession angle,
by:
2
192.93 + 1128.4096700 d + 8.864 T
We truncate the M2 series to a linear expression, because the PCK
software cannot handle the quadratic term.
Again, the linear terms are scaled by 36525.0:
-0.4357640000000000 --> -15916.28010000000
1128.409670000000 --> 41215163.19675000
-1.8151000000000000E-02 --> -662.9652750000000
We also introduce a fourth nutation precession angle, which
is the pi/2-complement of the third angle. This angle is used
in computing the prime meridian location for Deimos. See the
discussion of this angle below in the section containing orientation
constants for Deimos.
\begindata
BODY4_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 169.51 -15916.2801
192.93 +41215163.19675
53.47 -662.965275
36.53 +662.965275 )
\begintext
Jupiter
Old values:
Values are from the 1991 IAU report.
body599_pole_ra = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
body599_pole_dec = ( +64.49 +0.003 0. )
body599_pm = ( 284.95 +870.536 0. )
body599_long_axis = ( 0. )
body5_nut_prec_angles = ( 73.32 +91472.9
198.54 +44243.8
283.90 +4850.7
355.80 +1191.3
119.90 +262.1
229.80 +64.3
352.25 +2382.6
113.35 +6070.0
146.64 +182945.8
397.08 +88487.6 )
Current values:
The number of nutation precession angles is ten. The ninth and
tenth are twice the first and second, respectively.
\begindata
BODY599_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
BODY599_POLE_DEC = ( +64.49 +0.003 0. )
BODY599_PM = ( 284.95 +870.536 0. )
BODY599_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY5_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 73.32 +91472.9
24.62 +45137.2
283.90 +4850.7
355.80 +1191.3
119.90 +262.1
229.80 +64.3
352.25 +2382.6
113.35 +6070.0
146.64 +182945.8
49.24 +90274.4 )
\begintext
Saturn
Old values:
Values are from the 1991 IAU report.
body699_pole_ra = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. )
body699_pole_dec = ( +83.54 -0.004 0. )
body699_pm = ( 38.90 +810.7939024 0. )
body699_long_axis = ( 0. )
body6_nut_prec_angles = ( 353.32 75706.7
28.72 75706.7
177.40 -36505.5
300.00 -7225.9
316.45 506.2
345.20 -1016.3
29.80 -52.1
706.64 151413.4
57.44 151413.4 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY699_POLE_RA = ( 40.589 -0.036 0. )
BODY699_POLE_DEC = ( +83.537 -0.004 0. )
BODY699_PM = ( 38.90 +810.7939024 0. )
BODY699_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
The first seven angles given here are the angles S1
through S7 from the 1994 report; the eighth and
ninth angles are 2*S1 and 2*S2, respectively.
\begindata
BODY6_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 353.32 75706.7
28.72 75706.7
177.40 -36505.5
300.00 -7225.9
316.45 506.2
345.20 -1016.3
29.80 -52.1
706.64 151413.4
57.44 151413.4 )
\begintext
Uranus
Old values:
Values are from the 1991 report.
body799_pole_ra = ( 257.43 0. 0. )
body799_pole_dec = ( -15.10 0. 0. )
body799_pm = ( 203.81 -501.1600928 0. )
body799_long_axis = ( 0. )
body7_nut_prec_angles = ( 115.75 +54991.87
141.69 +41887.66
135.03 +29927.35
61.77 +25733.59
249.32 +24471.46
43.86 +22278.41
77.66 +20289.42
157.36 +16652.76
101.81 +12872.63
138.64 +8061.81
102.23 -2024.22
316.41 2863.96
304.01 -51.94
308.71 -93.17
340.82 -75.32
259.14 -504.81
204.46 -4048.44
632.82 5727.92 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY799_POLE_RA = ( 257.311 0. 0. )
BODY799_POLE_DEC = ( -15.175 0. 0. )
BODY799_PM = ( 203.81 -501.1600928 0. )
BODY799_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
The first 16 angles given here are the angles U1
through U16 from the 1994 report; the 17th and
18th angles are 2*U11 and 2*U12, respectively.
\begindata
BODY7_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 115.75 +54991.87
141.69 +41887.66
135.03 +29927.35
61.77 +25733.59
249.32 +24471.46
43.86 +22278.41
77.66 +20289.42
157.36 +16652.76
101.81 +12872.63
138.64 +8061.81
102.23 -2024.22
316.41 2863.96
304.01 -51.94
308.71 -93.17
340.82 -75.32
259.14 -504.81
204.46 -4048.44
632.82 5727.92 )
\begintext
Neptune
Old values:
Values are unchanged in the 1994 IAU report.
Current values:
The RA and DEC expressions for Neptune in the 1994 IAU report
(as in the 1991 report) involve trigonometric terms:
alpha = 299.36 + 0.70 sin(N)
0
delta = 43.46 - 0.51 cos(N)
0
W = 253.18 + 536.3128492 d - 0.48 sin(N)
N = 357.85 + 52.316 T
Because the SPICELIB routine BODEUL (still) cannot handle the
trigonometric terms, we truncate the expressions to polynomials.
The errors we make (in degrees) are:
RA DEC PM
---- ----- ----
Error bound (max abs value) 0.70 0.51 0.48
\begindata
BODY899_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. )
BODY899_POLE_DEC = ( +43.46 0. 0. )
BODY899_PM = ( 253.18 +536.3128492 0. )
BODY899_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
The 1994 report defines the nutation precession angles
N, N1, N2, ... , N7
and also uses the multiples of N1 and N7
2*N1
and
2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7
In this file, we treat the angles and their multiples as
separate angles. In the kernel variable
BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES
the order of the angles is
N, N1, N2, ... , N7, 2*N1, 2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7
Each angle is defined by a linear polynomial, so two
consecutive array elements are allocated for each
angle. The first term of each pair is the constant term,
the second is the linear term.
\begindata
BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 357.850 52.316
323.920 62606.600
220.510 55064.200
354.270 46564.500
75.310 26109.400
35.360 14325.400
142.610 2824.600
177.850 52.316
647.840 125213.200
355.700 104.632
533.550 156.948
711.400 209.264
889.250 261.580
1067.100 313.896
1244.950 366.212
1422.800 418.528
1600.650 470.844 )
\begintext
Pluto
Old values:
Values are unchanged in the 1994 IAU report.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY999_POLE_RA = ( 313.02 0. 0. )
BODY999_POLE_DEC = ( +9.09 0. 0. )
BODY999_PM = ( 236.77 -56.3623195 0. )
BODY999_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Orientation constants for the satellites
--------------------------------------------------------
Moon
Old values:
Values are from the 1988 IAU report.
body301_pole_ra = ( 270.000 0. 0. )
body301_pole_dec = ( +66.534 0. 0. )
body301_pm = ( 38.314 +13.1763581 0. )
body301_long_axis = ( 0. )
body301_nut_prec_ra = ( -3.878 -0.120 +0.070 -0.017 0. )
body301_nut_prec_dec = ( +1.543 +0.024 -0.028 +0.007 0. )
body301_nut_prec_pm = ( +3.558 +0.121 -0.064 +0.016 +0.025 )
New values:
\begindata
BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 269.9949 0.0031 0. )
BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( 66.5392 0.0130 0. )
BODY301_PM = ( 38.3213 13.17635815 -1.4D-12 )
BODY301_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.8787 -0.1204 +0.0700 -0.0172
0. +0.0072 0. 0.
0. -0.0052 0. 0.
+0.0043 )
BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 1.5419 0.0239 -0.0278 +0.0068
0. -0.0029 +0.0009 0.
0. +0.0008 0. 0.
-0.0009 )
BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.5610 +0.1208 -0.0642 +0.0158
+0.0252 -0.0066 -0.0047 -0.0046
+0.0028 +0.0052 +0.0040 +0.0019
-0.0044 )
\begintext
Satellites of Mars
Phobos
Old values:
Values are unchanged in the 1994 report.
Current values:
The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2:
8.864000000000000 ---> 6.6443009930565219E-09
\begindata
BODY401_POLE_RA = ( 317.68 -0.108 0. )
BODY401_POLE_DEC = ( +52.90 -0.061 0. )
BODY401_PM = ( 35.06
+1128.8445850
6.6443009930565219D-09 )
BODY401_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. 0. )
BODY401_NUT_PREC_RA = ( +1.79 0. 0. 0. )
BODY401_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -1.08 0. 0. 0. )
BODY401_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -1.42 -0.78 0. 0. )
\begintext
Deimos
Old values:
Values are unchanged in the 1994 report.
New values:
The Deimos prime meridian expression is:
2
W = 79.41 + 285.1618970 d - 0.520 T - 2.58 sin M
3
+ 0.19 cos M .
3
At the present time, the constants kernel software (the routine
BODEUL in particular) cannot handle the cosine term directly,
but we can represent it as
0.19 sin M
4
where
M = 90.D0 - M
4 3
Therefore, the nutation precession angle assignments for Phobos
and Deimos contain four coefficients rather than three.
The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2:
-0.5200000000000000 ---> -3.8978300049519307E-10
\begindata
BODY402_POLE_RA = ( 316.65 -0.108 0. )
BODY402_POLE_DEC = ( +53.52 -0.061 0. )
BODY402_PM = ( 79.41 +285.1618970 -3.897830D-10 )
BODY402_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY402_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. +2.98 0. )
BODY402_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.78 0. )
BODY402_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -2.58 0.19 )
\begintext
Satellites of Jupiter
Values for Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Adrastea, Metis, and Thebe
have been updated in the 1994 report. All others match values from
the 1991 report.
Io
The 1991 report erroneously stated the formula for the RA of Io
as
268.05 - 0.009T + 0.094*cos(J3) + 0.024*sin(J4)
The correct formula is
268.05 - 0.009T + 0.094*sin(J3) + 0.024*sin(J4)
Values in the 1994 report match the corrected values from the 1991
report.
\begindata
BODY501_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
BODY501_POLE_DEC = ( +64.50 +0.003 0. )
BODY501_PM = ( 200.39 +203.4889538 0. )
BODY501_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY501_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. +0.094 +0.024 )
BODY501_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. +0.040 +0.011 )
BODY501_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.085 -0.022 )
\begintext
Europa
Old values:
body502_pole_ra = ( 268.08 -0.009 0. )
body502_pole_dec = ( +64.51 +0.003 0. )
body502_pm = ( 35.72 +101.3747235 0. )
body502_long_axis = ( 0. )
body502_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 0. +1.086 +0.060 +0.015 +0.009 )
body502_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.468 +0.026 +0.007 +0.002 )
body502_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.980 -0.054 -0.014 -0.008 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY502_POLE_RA = ( 268.08 -0.009 0. )
BODY502_POLE_DEC = ( +64.51 +0.003 0. )
BODY502_PM = ( 35.67 +101.3747235 0. )
BODY502_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY502_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. +1.086 +0.060 +0.015 +0.009 )
BODY502_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.468 +0.026 +0.007 +0.002 )
BODY502_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.980 -0.054 -0.014 -0.008 )
\begintext
Ganymede
Old values:
body503_pole_ra = ( 268.20 -0.009 0. )
body503_pole_dec = ( +64.57 +0.003 0. )
body503_pm = ( 43.14 +50.3176081 0. )
body503_long_axis = ( 0. )
body503_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.037 +0.431 +0.091 )
body503_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.016 +0.186 +0.039 )
body503_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.033 -0.389 -0.082 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY503_POLE_RA = ( 268.20 -0.009 0. )
BODY503_POLE_DEC = ( +64.57 +0.003 0. )
BODY503_PM = ( 44.04 +50.3176081 0. )
BODY503_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY503_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.037 +0.431 +0.091 )
BODY503_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.016 +0.186 +0.039 )
BODY503_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.033 -0.389 -0.082 )
\begintext
Callisto
Old values:
body504_pole_ra = ( 268.72 -0.009 0. )
body504_pole_dec = ( +64.83 +0.003 0. )
body504_pm = ( 259.67 +21.5710715 0. )
body504_long_axis = ( 0. )
body504_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 +0.590 0. +0.010 )
body504_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 +0.254 0. -0.004 )
body504_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.061 -0.533 0. -0.009 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY504_POLE_RA = ( 268.72 -0.009 0. )
BODY504_POLE_DEC = ( +64.83 +0.003 0. )
BODY504_PM = ( 259.73 +21.5710715 0. )
BODY504_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY504_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 +0.590 0. +0.010 )
BODY504_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 +0.254 0. -0.004 )
BODY504_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.061 -0.533 0. -0.009 )
\begintext
Amalthea
Current values match those of the corrected 1991 report.
The 1991 report erroneously stated the formula for the DEC
of Amalthea as
64.49 + 0.003T - 0.36*sin(J1)
The correct formula is
64.49 + 0.003T - 0.36*cos(J1)
Values in the 1994 report match the corrected values from the 1991
report.
\begindata
BODY505_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
BODY505_POLE_DEC = ( +64.49 +0.003 0. )
BODY505_PM = ( 231.67 +722.6314560 0. )
BODY505_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY505_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -0.84 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.01 )
BODY505_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.36 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. )
BODY505_NUT_PREC_PM = ( +0.76 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.01 )
\begintext
Thebe
Old values:
body514_pole_ra = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
body514_pole_dec = ( 64.49 +0.003 0. )
body514_pm = ( 9.91 +533.7005330 0. )
body514_long_axis = ( 0. )
body514_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. -2.12 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.04 )
body514_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. -0.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.01 )
body514_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. +1.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY514_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
BODY514_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 +0.003 0. )
BODY514_PM = ( 8.56 +533.7004100 0. )
BODY514_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY514_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -2.11 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.04 )
BODY514_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. -0.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.01 )
BODY514_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. +1.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 )
\begintext
Adrastea
Old values:
body515_pole_ra = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
body515_pole_dec = ( 64.49 +0.003 0. )
body515_pm = ( 5.75 +1206.9950400 0. )
body515_long_axis = ( 0. )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY515_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
BODY515_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 +0.003 0. )
BODY515_PM = ( 33.29 +1206.9986602 0. )
BODY515_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Metis
Old values:
body516_pole_ra = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
body516_pole_dec = ( 64.49 +0.003 0. )
body516_pm = ( 302.24 +1221.2489660 0. )
body516_long_axis = ( 0. )
Current values:
Note W0 has been updated per [7]. The old, erroneous value
was 355.09.
\begindata
BODY516_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. )
BODY516_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 +0.003 0. )
BODY516_PM = ( 346.09 +1221.2547301 0. )
BODY516_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Satellites of Saturn
Values for all Saturnian satellites are unchanged in the 1994 IAU
report.
Mimas
Current values:
\begindata
BODY601_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. )
BODY601_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. )
BODY601_PM = ( 337.46 +381.9945550 0. )
BODY601_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY601_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. +13.56 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. )
BODY601_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.53 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. )
BODY601_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -13.48 0. -44.85 0. 0. 0. 0. )
\begintext
Enceladus
Current values:
\begindata
BODY602_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. )
BODY602_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. )
BODY602_PM = ( 2.82 +262.7318996 0. )
BODY602_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Tethys
Current values:
\begindata
BODY603_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. )
BODY603_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. )
BODY603_PM = ( 10.45 +190.6979085 0. )
BODY603_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY603_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. +9.66 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. )
BODY603_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -1.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. )
BODY603_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -9.60 +2.23 0. 0. 0. 0. )
\begintext
Dione
Current values:
\begindata
BODY604_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. )
BODY604_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. )
BODY604_PM = ( 357.00 +131.5349316 0. )
BODY604_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Rhea
Current values:
\begindata
BODY605_POLE_RA = ( 40.38 -0.036 0. )
BODY605_POLE_DEC = ( +83.55 -0.004 0. )
BODY605_PM = ( 235.16 +79.6900478 0. )
BODY605_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY605_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +3.10 0. 0. 0. )
BODY605_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.35 0. 0. 0. )
BODY605_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -3.08 0. 0. 0. )
\begintext
Titan
Current values:
\begindata
BODY606_POLE_RA = ( 36.41 -0.036 0. )
BODY606_POLE_DEC = ( +83.94 -0.004 0. )
BODY606_PM = ( 189.64 +22.5769768 0. )
BODY606_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY606_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +2.66 0. 0. )
BODY606_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.30 0. 0. )
BODY606_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2.64 0. 0. )
\begintext
Hyperion
The IAU report does not give an orientation model for Hyperion.
Iapetus
Current values:
\begindata
BODY608_POLE_RA = ( 318.16 -3.949 0. )
BODY608_POLE_DEC = ( +75.03 -1.143 0. )
BODY608_PM = ( 350.20 +4.5379572 0. )
BODY608_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Phoebe
Current values:
\begindata
BODY609_POLE_RA = ( 355.00 0. 0. )
BODY609_POLE_DEC = ( +68.70 0. 0. )
BODY609_PM = ( 304.70 +930.8338720 0. )
BODY609_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Janus
Current values:
\begindata
BODY610_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. )
BODY610_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. )
BODY610_PM = ( 58.83 +518.2359876 0. )
BODY610_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY610_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -1.623 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.023 )
BODY610_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. -0.183 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.001 )
BODY610_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. +1.613 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.023 )
\begintext
Epimetheus
Values for Epimetheus match those from the corrected 1991 report.
The 1991 report erroneously gave the linear coefficient in the
formula for the DEC of Epimetheus as
+0.004
The correct value is
-0.004
Current values:
\begindata
BODY611_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. )
BODY611_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. )
BODY611_PM = ( 293.87 +518.4907239 0. )
BODY611_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY611_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.153 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.086 0. )
BODY611_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.356 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.005 0. )
BODY611_NUT_PREC_PM = ( +3.133 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.086 0. )
\begintext
Helene
Current values:
\begindata
BODY612_POLE_RA = ( 40.85 -0.036 0. )
BODY612_POLE_DEC = ( 83.34 -0.004 0. )
BODY612_PM = ( 245.12 +131.6174056 0. )
BODY612_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Telesto
Current values:
\begindata
BODY613_POLE_RA = ( 50.51 -0.036 0. )
BODY613_POLE_DEC = ( 84.06 -0.004 0. )
BODY613_PM = ( 56.88 +190.6979332 0. )
BODY613_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Calypso
Current values:
\begindata
BODY614_POLE_RA = ( 36.41 -0.036 0. )
BODY614_POLE_DEC = ( 85.04 -0.004 0. )
BODY614_PM = ( 153.51 +190.6742373 0. )
BODY614_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Atlas
Current values:
\begindata
BODY615_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. )
BODY615_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. )
BODY615_PM = ( 137.88 +598.3060000 0. )
BODY615_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Prometheus
Current values:
\begindata
BODY616_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. )
BODY616_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. )
BODY616_PM = ( 296.14 +587.2890000 0. )
BODY616_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Pandora
Current values:
\begindata
BODY617_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. )
BODY617_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. )
BODY617_PM = ( 162.92 +572.7891000 0. )
BODY617_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Pan
Current values:
\begindata
BODY618_POLE_RA = ( 40.6 -0.036 0. )
BODY618_POLE_DEC = ( 83.5 -0.004 0. )
BODY618_PM = ( 48.8 +626.0440000 0. )
BODY618_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Satellites of Uranus
Values for all Uranian satellites are the same in the 1991 and 1994
IAU reports.
Ariel
Current values:
\begindata
BODY701_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. )
BODY701_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. )
BODY701_PM = ( 156.22 -142.8356681 0. )
BODY701_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY701_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.29 )
BODY701_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.28 )
BODY701_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.05 +0.08 )
\begintext
Umbriel
Current values:
\begindata
BODY702_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. )
BODY702_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. )
BODY702_PM = ( 108.05 -86.8688923 0. )
BODY702_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY702_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.21 )
BODY702_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.20 )
BODY702_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 0. +0.06 )
\begintext
Titania
Current values:
\begindata
BODY703_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. )
BODY703_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. )
BODY703_PM = ( 77.74 -41.3514316 0. )
BODY703_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY703_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.29 )
BODY703_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.28 )
BODY703_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.08 )
\begintext
Oberon
Current values:
\begindata
BODY704_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. )
BODY704_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. )
BODY704_PM = ( 6.77 -26.7394932 0. )
BODY704_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY704_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.16 )
BODY704_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.16 )
BODY704_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.04 )
\begintext
Miranda
Current values:
\begindata
BODY705_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. )
BODY705_POLE_DEC = ( -15.08 0. 0. )
BODY705_PM = ( 30.70 -254.6906892 0. )
BODY705_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY705_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
4.41 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. -0.04 )
BODY705_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
4.25 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. -0.02 )
BODY705_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
1.15 -1.27 0. 0. 0.
0. -0.09 0.15 )
\begintext
Cordelia
Current values:
\begindata
BODY706_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY706_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY706_PM = ( 127.69 -1074.5205730 0. )
BODY706_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY706_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -0.15 )
BODY706_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( +0.14 )
BODY706_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.04 )
\begintext
Ophelia
Current values:
\begindata
BODY707_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY707_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY707_PM = ( 130.35 -956.4068150 0. )
BODY707_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY707_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -0.09 )
BODY707_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. +0.09 )
BODY707_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. -0.03 )
\begintext
Bianca
Current values:
\begindata
BODY708_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY708_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY708_PM = ( 105.46 -828.3914760 0. )
BODY708_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY708_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. -0.16 )
BODY708_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. +0.16 )
BODY708_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.04 )
\begintext
Cressida
Current values:
\begindata
BODY709_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY709_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY709_PM = ( 59.16 -776.5816320 0. )
BODY709_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY709_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.04 )
BODY709_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.04 )
BODY709_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.01 )
\begintext
Desdemona
Current values:
\begindata
BODY710_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY710_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY710_PM = ( 95.08 -760.0531690 0. )
BODY710_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY710_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.17 )
BODY710_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.16 )
BODY710_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 )
\begintext
Juliet
Current values:
\begindata
BODY711_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY711_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY711_PM = ( 302.56 -730.1253660 0. )
BODY711_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY711_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.06 )
BODY711_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.06 )
BODY711_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.02 )
\begintext
Portia
Current values:
\begindata
BODY712_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY712_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY712_PM = ( 25.03 -701.4865870 0. )
BODY712_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY712_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 )
BODY712_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.09 )
BODY712_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.02 )
\begintext
Rosalind
Current values:
\begindata
BODY713_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY713_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY713_PM = ( 314.90 -644.6311260 0. )
BODY713_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY713_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.29 )
BODY713_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.28 )
BODY713_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.08 )
\begintext
Belinda
Current values:
\begindata
BODY714_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY714_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY714_PM = ( 297.46 -577.3628170 0. )
BODY714_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY714_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.03 )
BODY714_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.03 )
BODY714_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.01 )
\begintext
Puck
Current values:
\begindata
BODY715_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. )
BODY715_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. )
BODY715_PM = ( 91.24 -472.5450690 0. )
BODY715_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY715_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.33 )
BODY715_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.31 )
BODY715_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 )
\begintext
Satellites of Neptune
Values in the 1994 IAU report match the corrected 1991 report.
Triton
Current values:
\begindata
BODY801_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. )
BODY801_POLE_DEC = ( 41.17 0. 0. )
BODY801_PM = ( 296.53 -61.2572637 0. )
BODY801_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY801_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. -32.35
0.
-6.28 -2.08 -0.74 -0.28
-0.11 -0.07 -0.02 -0.01 )
BODY801_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 22.55
0.
2.10 0.55 0.16 0.05
0.02 0.01 0. 0. )
BODY801_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 22.25
0.
6.73 2.05 0.74 0.28
0.11 0.05 0.02 0.01 )
\begintext
Nereid
Old values:
Values are from the 1988 IAU report.
body802_pole_ra = ( 273.48 0. 0. )
body802_pole_dec = ( 67.22 0. 0. )
body802_pm = ( 237.22 +0.9996465 0. )
body802_long_axis = ( 0. )
The report seems to have a typo: in the nut_prec_ra expression,
where the report gives -0.51 sin 3N3, we use -0.51 3N2.
body802_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. -17.81
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
+2.56 -0.51 +0.11 -0.03 )
body802_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. -6.67
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
+0.47 -0.07 +0.01 )
body802_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 16.48
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
-2.57 +0.51 -0.11 +0.02 )
Current values:
The 1994 report does not give values for Nereid. In order
to obtain rotational elements for Nereid, a separate PCK
file must be loaded.
Naiad
Current values:
\begindata
BODY803_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. )
BODY803_POLE_DEC = ( 43.36 0. 0. )
BODY803_PM = ( 254.06 1222.8441209 0. )
BODY803_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY803_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 -6.49 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0.25 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY803_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 -4.75 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0.09 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY803_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 4.40 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
-0.27 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
\begintext
Thalassa
Current values:
\begindata
BODY804_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. )
BODY804_POLE_DEC = ( 43.45 0. 0. )
BODY804_PM = ( 102.06 1155.7555612 0. )
BODY804_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY804_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. -0.28 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY804_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. -0.21 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY804_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0.19 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
\begintext
Despina
Current values:
\begindata
BODY805_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. )
BODY805_POLE_DEC = ( 43.45 0. 0. )
BODY805_PM = ( 306.51 1075.7341562 0. )
BODY805_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY805_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. -0.09
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY805_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. -0.07
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY805_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.49 0. 0. 0.06
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
\begintext
Galatea
Current values:
\begindata
BODY806_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. )
BODY806_POLE_DEC = ( 43.43 0. 0. )
BODY806_PM = ( 258.09 839.6597686 0. )
BODY806_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY806_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0.
-0.07 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY806_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0.
-0.05 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY806_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0.
0.05 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
\begintext
Larissa
Current values:
\begindata
BODY807_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. )
BODY807_POLE_DEC = ( 43.41 0. 0. )
BODY807_PM = ( 179.41 649.0534470 0. )
BODY807_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY807_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0.
0. -0.27 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY807_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0.
0. -0.20 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY807_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0.
0. 0.19 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
\begintext
Proteus
Current values:
\begindata
BODY808_POLE_RA = ( 299.27 0. 0. )
BODY808_POLE_DEC = ( 42.91 0. 0. )
BODY808_PM = ( 93.38 320.7654228 0. )
BODY808_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
BODY808_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. -0.05 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY808_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. -0.04 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
BODY808_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.04 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0.
0. )
\begintext
Satellites of Pluto
Charon
Values match those of the 1991 IAU report.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY901_POLE_RA = ( 313.02 0. 0. )
BODY901_POLE_DEC = ( +9.09 0. 0. )
BODY901_PM = ( 56.77 -56.3623195 0. )
BODY901_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Orientation constants for Asteroids Gaspra and Ida
--------------------------------------------------------
Gaspra
Current values:
\begindata
BODY9511010_POLE_RA = ( 9.47 0. 0. )
BODY9511010_POLE_DEC = ( +26.70 0. 0. )
BODY9511010_PM = ( 83.67 +1226.9114850 0. )
BODY9511010_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Ida
Current values:
\begindata
BODY2431010_POLE_RA = ( 348.76 0. 0. )
BODY2431010_POLE_DEC = ( +87.12 0. 0. )
BODY2431010_PM = ( 265.95 -1864.6280070 0. )
BODY2431010_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. )
\begintext
Radii of Sun and Planets
--------------------------------------------------------
Sun
Value for the Sun is from the [2], page K7.
\begindata
BODY10_RADII = ( 696000. 696000. 696000. )
\begintext
Mercury
Old values:
Values for Mercury are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY199_RADII = ( 2439.7 2439.7 2439.7 )
\begintext
Venus
Old values:
Values for Venus are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY299_RADII = ( 6051.8 6051.8 6051.8 )
\begintext
Earth
Old values:
Values for the Earth are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.140 6378.140 6356.75 )
\begintext
Mars
Old values:
Values for Mars are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY499_RADII = ( 3397. 3397. 3375. )
\begintext
Jupiter
Old values:
Values for Jupiter are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY599_RADII = ( 71492. 71492. 66854. )
\begintext
Saturn
Old values:
Values for Saturn are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY699_RADII = ( 60268. 60268. 54364. )
\begintext
Uranus
Old values:
Values for Uranus are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY799_RADII = ( 25559. 25559. 24973. )
\begintext
Neptune
Old values:
Values for Neptune are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
(Values are for the 1 bar pressure level.)
\begindata
BODY899_RADII = ( 24764. 24764. 24341. )
\begintext
Pluto
Old values:
BODY999_RADII = ( 1151. 1151. 1151. )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY999_RADII = ( 1195. 1195. 1195. )
\begintext
Radii of Satellites
--------------------------------------------------------
Moon
Old values:
Values for the Moon are the same in the 1991 and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY301_RADII = ( 1737.4 1737.4 1737.4 )
\begintext
Satellites of Mars
Old values:
Values for Phobos and Deimos are the same in the 1991 and 1994
reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY401_RADII = ( 13.4 11.2 9.2 )
BODY402_RADII = ( 7.5 6.1 5.2 )
\begintext
Satellites of Jupiter
Old values:
Values for all satellites of Jupiter are the same in the 1991
and 1994 reports.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY501_RADII = ( 1830. 1818.7 1815.3 )
BODY502_RADII = ( 1565. 1565. 1565. )
BODY503_RADII = ( 2634. 2634. 2634. )
BODY504_RADII = ( 2403. 2403. 2403. )
BODY505_RADII = ( 131. 73. 67. )
\begintext
Only mean radii are available in the 1994 IAU report for bodies
506-513.
\begindata
BODY506_RADII = ( 85 85 85 )
BODY507_RADII = ( 40 40 40 )
BODY508_RADII = ( 18 18 18 )
BODY509_RADII = ( 14 14 14 )
BODY510_RADII = ( 12 12 12 )
BODY511_RADII = ( 15 15 15 )
BODY512_RADII = ( 10 10 10 )
BODY513_RADII = ( 5 5 5 )
\begintext
The value for the second radius for Thebe (body 514) is not given in
the 1994 IAU report. The available radii are:
BODY514_RADII = ( 55 --- 45 )
The 1991 report gives the mean radius of Thebe as 50km; we use this
radius for all three axes, as we do for the satellites for which only
the mean radius is available.
\begindata
BODY514_RADII = ( 50 50 50 )
BODY515_RADII = ( 13 10 8 )
\begintext
The value for the second radius for body 516 is not given in
1994 IAU report. The values given are:
BODY516_RADII = ( 20 --- 20 )
The 1994 report gives the mean radius of Metis as 20km; we use this
radius for all three axes, as we do for the satellites for which only
the mean radius is available.
\begindata
BODY516_RADII = ( 20 20 20 )
\begintext
Satellites of Saturn
Old values:
body601_radii = ( 210.3 197.4 192.6 )
body602_radii = ( 256.2 247.3 244.0 )
body603_radii = ( 535.6 528.2 525.8 )
body604_radii = ( 560. 560. 560. )
body605_radii = ( 764. 764. 764. )
body606_radii = ( 2575. 2575. 2575. )
body607_radii = ( 180. 140. 112.5 )
body608_radii = ( 718. 718. 718. )
body609_radii = ( 115. 110. 105. )
body610_radii = ( 97. 95. 77. )
body611_radii = ( 69. 55. 55. )
body612_radii = ( 16 16 16 )
body613_radii = ( 15 12.5 7.5 )
body614_radii = ( 15 8 8 )
body615_radii = ( 18.5 17.2 13.5 )
body616_radii = ( 74 50 34 )
body617_radii = ( 55 44 31 )
body618_radii = ( 10 10 10 )
Current values:
\begindata
BODY601_RADII = ( 209.1 196.2 191.4 )
BODY602_RADII = ( 256.3 247.3 244.6 )
BODY603_RADII = ( 535.6 528.2 525.8 )
BODY604_RADII = ( 560. 560. 560. )
BODY605_RADII = ( 764. 764. 764. )
BODY606_RADII = ( 2575. 2575. 2575. )
BODY607_RADII = ( 180. 140. 112.5 )
BODY608_RADII = ( 718. 718. 718. )
BODY609_RADII = ( 115. 110. 105. )
BODY610_RADII = ( 97. 95. 77. )
BODY611_RADII = ( 69. 55. 55. )
\begintext
Only the first equatorial radius for Helene (body 612) is given in the
1994 IAU report:
BODY612_RADII = ( 17.5 --- --- )
The mean radius is 16km; we use this radius for all three axes, as
we do for the satellites for which only the mean radius is available.
\begindata
BODY612_RADII = ( 16 16 16 )
BODY613_RADII = ( 15 12.5 7.5 )
BODY614_RADII = ( 15 8 8 )
BODY615_RADII = ( 18.5 17.2 13.5 )
BODY616_RADII = ( 74 50 34 )
BODY617_RADII = ( 55 44 31 )
\begintext
For Pan, only a mean radius is given in the 1994 report.
\begindata
BODY618_RADII = ( 10 10 10 )
\begintext
Satellites of Uranus
All radii of Uranian satellites are the same as in the 1991
report.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY701_RADII = ( 581.1 577.9 577.7 )
BODY702_RADII = ( 584.7 584.7 584.7 )
BODY703_RADII = ( 788.9 788.9 788.9 )
BODY704_RADII = ( 761.4 761.4 761.4 )
BODY705_RADII = ( 240.4 234.2 232.9 )
\begintext
The 1994 report gives only mean radii for satellites 706--715.
\begindata
BODY706_RADII = ( 13. 13. 13. )
BODY707_RADII = ( 15. 15. 15. )
BODY708_RADII = ( 21. 21. 21. )
BODY709_RADII = ( 31. 31. 31. )
BODY710_RADII = ( 27. 27. 27. )
BODY711_RADII = ( 42. 42. 42. )
BODY712_RADII = ( 54. 54. 54. )
BODY713_RADII = ( 27. 27. 27. )
BODY714_RADII = ( 33. 33. 33. )
BODY715_RADII = ( 77. 77. 77. )
\begintext
Satellites of Neptune
All values match those of the 1991 IAU report.
Current values:
The 1994 report gives mean radii only for bodies 801-806.
\begindata
BODY801_RADII = ( 1352.6 1352.6 1352.6 )
BODY802_RADII = ( 170 170 170 )
BODY803_RADII = ( 29 29 29 )
BODY804_RADII = ( 40 40 40 )
BODY805_RADII = ( 74 74 74 )
BODY806_RADII = ( 79 79 79 )
\begintext
The second equatorial radius for Larissa is not given in the 1994
report. The available values are:
BODY807_RADII = ( 104 --- 89 )
The mean radius is 96km; we use this radius for all three axes, as
we do for the satellites for which only the mean radius is available.
\begindata
BODY807_RADII = ( 96 96 96 )
BODY808_RADII = ( 218 208 201 )
\begintext
Satellites of Pluto
All values match those of the 1991 IAU report.
Current values:
\begindata
BODY901_RADII = ( 593. 593. 593. )
\begintext
Radii of Asteroids Gaspra and Ida
--------------------------------------------------------
Gaspra
Current values:
\begindata
BODY9511010_RADII = ( 9.1 5.2 4.4 )
\begintext
Ida
Current values:
\begindata
BODY2431010_RADII = ( 26.8 12.0 7.6 )
\begintext