KPL/FK
Generic Frame Definition Kernel File for ESA Planetary Missions
===========================================================================
This frame kernel defines a number of mission independent frames that
could be used by any of the users of any of the ESA planetary missions,
and that are not ``built'' in the SPICE toolkit.
Version and Date
========================================================================
Version 2.0 -- August 15, 2008 -- Jorge Diaz del Rio, MIG/ESA
Corrected error in HCI frame definition and updated comments
for this frame.
Version 1.0 -- May 03, 2006 -- Jorge Diaz del Rio, RSSD/ESA
Complete new kernel.
Version 0.0 -- July 19, 2005 -- Jorge Diaz del Rio, RSSD/ESA
Initial version.
References
========================================================================
1. ``Frames Required Reading''
2. ``Kernel Pool Required Reading''
3. Franz and Harper. (2002) ``Heliospheric Coordinate Systems''
Space Science, 50, 217ff.
4. Hapgood,M. (1992). ``Space physics coordinate transformations: A user
guide'' Planetary and Space Science, 40, 711-717
5. ``STK: Technical Notes - Coordinate System Computations''
6. Seidelmann, P.K., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Davies, M.E., Bergh, C
de, Lieske, J.H., Oberst, J., Simon, J.L., Standish, E.M., Stooke,
and Thomas, P.C. (2002). ``Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on
Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and
Satellites: 2000'' Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.8
Issue 1, pp. 83-111.
7. Russell, C.T. (1971). ``Geophysical Coordinate Transformations''
Cosmic Electrodynamics, v.2, 184-196
Contact Information
========================================================================
Jorge Diaz del Rio, RSSD/ESA, (31) 71-565-5175, jdiaz@rssd.esa.int
Implementation Notes
========================================================================
This file is used by the SPICE system as follows: programs that make
use of this frame kernel must 'load' the kernel, normally during
program initialization. The SPICELIB routine FURNSH, the CSPICE
function furnsh_c and the ICY function cspice_furnsh load a kernel
file into the kernel pool as shown below.
CALL FURNSH ( 'frame_kernel_name' )
furnsh_c ( "frame_kernel_name" );
cspice_furnsh ( 'frame_kernel_name' )
This file was created and may be updated with a text editor or word
processor.
ESA/RSSD Generic Frame Names and NAIF ID Codes
========================================================================
The following names and NAIF ID codes are assigned to the generic
frames defined in this kernel file:
Frame Name NAIF ID Center Description
------------ ------- ------- -------------------------------
Generic Dynamic Frames names/IDs:
HEE 1500010 SUN Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic
HEEQ 1501010 SUN Heliocentric Earth Equatorial
------------------------------------------------------------------
VSO 1500299 VENUS Venus-centric Solar Orbital
VME 1501299 VENUS Venus Mean Equator of date
------------------------------------------------------------------
LSE 1500301 MOON Moon-centric Solar Ecliptic
LME 1501301 MOON Moon Mean Equator of date
------------------------------------------------------------------
GSE 1500399 EARTH Geocentric Solar Ecliptic
EME 1501399 EARTH Earth Mean Equator and Equinox
GSEQ 1502399 EARTH Geocentric Solar Equatorial
ECLIPDATE 1503399 EARTH Earth Mean Ecliptic and Equinox
------------------------------------------------------------------
MME 1500499 MARS Mars Mean Equator of date
MME_IAU2000 1501499 MARS Mars Mean Equator of date
using IAU 2000 report constants.
MSO 1502499 MARS Mars-centric Solar Orbital
Generic Inertial Frames names/IDs:
HCI 1502010 SUN Heliocentric Inertial
------------------------------------------------------------------
VME2000 1503299 VENUS VME of date J2000 (1)
------------------------------------------------------------------
LME2000 1502301 MOON LME of date J2000 (1)
------------------------------------------------------------------
MME2000 1503499 MARS MME_IAU2000 of date J2000 (1)
(1) These frames are defined using the IAU 2000 Report Constants
described at [6].
General Notes About This File
========================================================================
About Required Data:
--------------------
Most of the dynamic frames defined in this file require at least one
of the following kernels to be loaded prior to their evaluation,
normally during program initialization:
- Planetary ephemeris data (SPK), i.e. DE403, DE405, etc.
- Planetary Constants data (PCK), i.e. PCK00007.TPC, PCK00008.TPC.
Note that loading different kernels will lead to different
implementations of the same frame, providing different results from
each other, in terms of state vectors referred to these frames.
About 'of Date' Frames:
-----------------------
This file contains two or more implementations for the 'of Date'
frame, i.e. Mars Mean Equator of date (MME).
Usually, one of these implementations is a PCK-based frame, which
gives the user the ability of selecting the planetary constants
used in the evaluation of the frame by changing the PCK file.
In addition to this PCK-based frame, and whenever feasible, one more
frame is implemented using the latest IAU report constants, included
directly into the frame definition. In this case, the frame name is
made up by adding the '_IAUxxxx' suffix to the PCK-based frame name,
where xxxx is the IAU report date, i.e. MME_IAU2000. It is
recommended to use this implementation of the frame instead of the
PCK-based whenever possible since these frames do not depend on the
loaded PCK data.
In many cases, an instance of an 'of Date' frame frozen at J2000
epoch is desired. For this reason, an to improve computing
efficiency, another implementation of this frame is provided. For
such frozen 'of Date' frame, its name is made up by appending the
character string '2000' to the PCK-based frame name, i.e. MME2000.
Generic Dynamic Frames
========================================================================
This section contains the definition of the Generic Dynamic Frames.
Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic frame (HEE)
---------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic frame is defined as follows (from [3]):
- X-Y plane is defined by the Earth Mean Ecliptic plane of date,
therefore, the +Z axis is the primary vector,and it defined as
the normal vector to the Ecliptic plane that points toward the
north pole of date;
- +X axis is the component of the Sun-Earth vector that is
orthogonal to the +Z axis;
- +Y axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is the Sun's center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no aberration corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using two different types
of specifications for the primary and secondary vectors.
The primary vector is defined as a constant vector in the ECLIPDATE
frame and therefore no additional data is required to compute this
vector.
The secondary vector is defined as an 'observer-target position' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Sun-Earth vector
in J2000 frame have to be loaded prior to using this frame.
Remarks:
--------
SPICE imposes a constraint in the definition of dynamic frames:
When the definition of a parameterized dynamic frame F1 refers to a
second frame F2 the referenced frame F2 may be dynamic, but F2 must not
make reference to any dynamic frame. For further information on this
topic, please refer to [1].
Therefore, no other dynamic frame should make reference to this frame.
Since the secondary vector of this frame is defined as an
'observer-target position' vector, the usage of different planetary
ephemerides conduces to different implementations of this frame,
but only when these data lead to different projections of the
Sun-Earth vector on the Earth Ecliptic plane of date.
As an example, note that the average difference in position of the +X
axis of this frame, when using DE405 vs. DE403 ephemerides, is about
14.3 micro-radians, with a maximum of 15.0 micro-radians.
\begindata
FRAME_HEE = 1500010
FRAME_1500010_NAME = 'HEE'
FRAME_1500010_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1500010_CLASS_ID = 1500010
FRAME_1500010_CENTER = 10
FRAME_1500010_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1500010_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1500010_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1500010_PRI_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1500010_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1500010_PRI_FRAME = 'ECLIPDATE'
FRAME_1500010_PRI_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1500010_PRI_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
FRAME_1500010_SEC_AXIS = 'X'
FRAME_1500010_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_POSITION'
FRAME_1500010_SEC_OBSERVER = 'SUN'
FRAME_1500010_SEC_TARGET = 'EARTH'
FRAME_1500010_SEC_ABCORR = 'NONE'
\begintext
Heliocentric Earth Equatorial frame (HEEQ)
------------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Heliocentric Earth Equatorial frame is defined as follows (from [3]
and [4]):
- X-Y plane is the solar equator of date, therefore, the +Z axis
is the primary vector and it is aligned to the Sun's north pole
of date;
- +X axis is defined by the intersection between the Sun equatorial
plane and the solar central meridian of date as seen from the Earth.
The solar central meridian of date is defined as the meridian of the
Sun that is turned toward the Earth. Therefore, +X axis is the
component of the Sun-Earth vector that is orthogonal to the +Z axis;
- +Y axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is the Sun's center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no aberration corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using two different types
of specifications for the primary and secondary vectors.
The primary vector is defined as a constant vector in the IAU_SUN
frame, which is a PCK-based frame, therefore a PCK file containing
the orientation constants for the Sun has to be loaded before any
evaluation of this frame.
The secondary vector is defined as an 'observer-target position' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Sun-Earth vector
in J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on the IAU_SUN frame, whose evaluation is
based on the data included in the loaded PCK file: different
orientation constants for the Sun's spin axis will lead to different
frames. It is strongly recommended to indicate what data have been
used in the evaluation of this frame when referring to it, i.e. HEEQ
using IAU 2000 constants.
Since the secondary vector of this frame is defined as an
'observer-target position' vector, the usage of different planetary
ephemerides conduces to different implementations of this frame,
but only when these data lead to different solar central meridians,
i.e. the projection of the Sun-Earth vector on the Sun equatorial
plane obtained from the different ephemerides has a non-zero angular
separation.
Note that the effect of using different SPK files is smaller, in general,
that using different Sun's spin axis constants. As an example, the
average difference in the position of the +X axis of the frame, when
using DE405 or DE403 ephemerides is about 14.3 micro-radians, with a
maximum of 15.3 micro-radians.
\begindata
FRAME_HEEQ = 1501010
FRAME_1501010_NAME = 'HEEQ'
FRAME_1501010_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1501010_CLASS_ID = 1501010
FRAME_1501010_CENTER = 10
FRAME_1501010_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1501010_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1501010_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1501010_PRI_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1501010_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1501010_PRI_FRAME = 'IAU_SUN'
FRAME_1501010_PRI_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1501010_PRI_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
FRAME_1501010_SEC_AXIS = 'X'
FRAME_1501010_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_POSITION'
FRAME_1501010_SEC_OBSERVER = 'SUN'
FRAME_1501010_SEC_TARGET = 'EARTH'
FRAME_1501010_SEC_ABCORR = 'NONE'
\begintext
Venus-centric Solar Orbital frame (VSO)
----------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Venus-centric Solar Orbital frame is defined as follows:
- The position of the Sun relative to Venus is the primary vector:
+X axis points from Venus to the Sun;
- The inertially referenced velocity of the Sun relative to Venus
is the secondary vector: +Y axis is the component of this
velocity vector orthogonal to the +X axis;
- +Z axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is Venus' center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using two different types
of specifications for the primary and secondary vectors.
The primary vector is defined as an 'observer-target position' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Venus-Sun vector
in J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
The secondary vector is defined as an 'observer-target velocity' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Venus-Sun velocity
vector in the J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on SPK data: different planetary
ephemerides (DE families) for Venus, the Sun and the Solar System
Barycenter will lead to different frames.
\begindata
FRAME_VSO = 1500299
FRAME_1500299_NAME = 'VSO'
FRAME_1500299_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1500299_CLASS_ID = 1500299
FRAME_1500299_CENTER = 299
FRAME_1500299_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1500299_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1500299_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1500299_PRI_AXIS = 'X'
FRAME_1500299_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_POSITION'
FRAME_1500299_PRI_OBSERVER = 'VENUS'
FRAME_1500299_PRI_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1500299_PRI_ABCORR = 'NONE'
FRAME_1500299_SEC_AXIS = 'Y'
FRAME_1500299_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_VELOCITY'
FRAME_1500299_SEC_OBSERVER = 'VENUS'
FRAME_1500299_SEC_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1500299_SEC_ABCORR = 'NONE'
FRAME_1500299_SEC_FRAME = 'J2000'
\begintext
Venus Mean Equator of Date frame (VME)
--------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Venus Mean Equatorial of Date frame (also known as Venus Mean
Equator and IAU vector of Date frame) is defined as follows (from [5]):
- X-Y plane is defined by the Venus equator of date, and
the +Z axis is parallel to the Venus' rotation axis of date,
pointing toward the North side of the invariant plane;
- +X axis is defined by the intersection of the Venus' equator
of date with the Earth Mean Equator of J2000;
- +Y axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is Venus' center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using constant vectors as
the specification method. The secondary vector is defined in the J2000
frame and therefore it does not require to load any additional data.
The primary vector is defined as a constant vector in the IAU_VENUS
frame, which is a PCK-based frame, therefore a PCK file containing
the orientation constants for Venus has to be loaded before using this
frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on the IAU_VENUS frame, whose evaluation is
based on the data included in the loaded PCK file: different orientation
constants for Venus' spin axis will lead to different frames. It is
strongly recommended to indicate what data have been used in the
evaluation of this frame when referring to it, i.e. VME using IAU 2000
constants.
This frame is provided as the ``most generic'' Venus Mean Equator of
date frame since the user has the possibility of loading different Venus
orientation constants that would help him/her to define different
implementations of this frame.
\begindata
FRAME_VME = 1501299
FRAME_1501299_NAME = 'VME'
FRAME_1501299_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1501299_CLASS_ID = 1501299
FRAME_1501299_CENTER = 299
FRAME_1501299_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1501299_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1501299_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1501299_PRI_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1501299_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1501299_PRI_FRAME = 'IAU_VENUS'
FRAME_1501299_PRI_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1501299_PRI_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
FRAME_1501299_SEC_AXIS = 'Y'
FRAME_1501299_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1501299_SEC_FRAME = 'J2000'
FRAME_1501299_SEC_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1501299_SEC_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
\begintext
Moon-centric Solar Ecliptic frame (LSE)
---------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Moon-centric Solar Ecliptic frame is defined as follows:
- The position of the Sun relative to Moon is the primary vector:
+X axis points from Moon to the Sun;
- The inertially referenced velocity of the Sun relative to Moon
is the secondary vector: +Y axis is the component of this
velocity vector orthogonal to the +X axis;
- +Z axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is Moon's center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using two different types
of specifications for the primary and secondary vectors.
The primary vector is defined as an 'observer-target position' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Moon-Sun vector
in J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
The secondary vector is defined as an 'observer-target velocity' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Moon-Sun velocity
vector in the J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on SPK data: different planetary
ephemerides (DE families) for the Moon, the Sun, the Solar System
Barycenter and the Earth-Moon Barycenter will lead to different frames.
\begindata
FRAME_LSE = 1500301
FRAME_1500301_NAME = 'LSE'
FRAME_1500301_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1500301_CLASS_ID = 1500301
FRAME_1500301_CENTER = 301
FRAME_1500301_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1500301_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1500301_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1500301_PRI_AXIS = 'X'
FRAME_1500301_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_POSITION'
FRAME_1500301_PRI_OBSERVER = 'MOON'
FRAME_1500301_PRI_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1500301_PRI_ABCORR = 'NONE'
FRAME_1500301_SEC_AXIS = 'Y'
FRAME_1500301_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_VELOCITY'
FRAME_1500301_SEC_OBSERVER = 'MOON'
FRAME_1500301_SEC_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1500301_SEC_ABCORR = 'NONE'
FRAME_1500301_SEC_FRAME = 'J2000'
\begintext
Moon Mean Equator of Date frame (LME)
-------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Moon Mean Equator of Date frame (also known as Moon Mean Equator
and IAU vector of Date frame) is defined as follows (from [5]):
- X-Y plane is defined by the Moon equator of date, and the
+Z axis, primary vector of this frame, is parallel to the
Moon's rotation axis of date, pointing toward the North side
of the invariant plane;
- +X axis is defined by the intersection of the Moon's equator
of date with the Earth Mean Equator of J2000;
- +Y axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is Moon's center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using constant vectors as
the specification method. The secondary vector is defined in the J2000
frame and it therefore does not require to load any additional data.
The primary vector is defined as a constant vector in the IAU_MOON
frame, which is a PCK-based frame, therefore a PCK file containing
the orientation constants for the Moon has to be loaded before using
this frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on the IAU_MOON frame, whose evaluation is
based on the data included in the loaded PCK file: different orientation
constants for the Moon's spin axis will lead to different frames. It is
strongly recommended to indicate what data have been used in the
evaluation of this frame when referring to it, i.e. LME using IAU 2000
constants.
\begindata
FRAME_LME = 1501301
FRAME_1501301_NAME = 'LME'
FRAME_1501301_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1501301_CLASS_ID = 1501301
FRAME_1501301_CENTER = 301
FRAME_1501301_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1501301_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1501301_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1501301_PRI_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1501301_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1501301_PRI_FRAME = 'IAU_MOON'
FRAME_1501301_PRI_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1501301_PRI_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
FRAME_1501301_SEC_AXIS = 'Y'
FRAME_1501301_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1501301_SEC_FRAME = 'J2000'
FRAME_1501301_SEC_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1501301_SEC_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
\begintext
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic frame (GSE)
---------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Geocentric Solar Ecliptic frame is defined as follows (from [3]):
- X-Y plane is defined by the Earth Mean Ecliptic plane of date:
the +Z axis, primary vector, is the normal vector to this plane,
always pointing toward the North side of the invariant plane;
- +X axis is the component of the Earth-Sun vector that is orthogonal
to the +Z axis;
- +Y axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is the Sun's center of mass.
All the vectors are geometric: no aberration corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using two different types
of specifications for the primary and secondary vectors.
The primary vector is defined as a constant vector in the ECLIPDATE
frame and therefore, no additional data is required to compute this
vector.
The secondary vector is defined as an 'observer-target position' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Earth-Sun vector
in J2000 frame have to be loaded prior to using this frame.
Remarks:
--------
SPICE imposes a constraint in the definition of dynamic frames:
When the definition of a parameterized dynamic frame F1 refers to a
second frame F2 the referenced frame F2 may be dynamic, but F2 must not
make reference to any dynamic frame. For further information on this
topic, please refer to [1].
Therefore, no other dynamic frame should make reference to this frame.
Since the secondary vector of this frame is defined as an
'observer-target position' vector, the usage of different planetary
ephemerides conduces to different implementations of this frame,
but only when these data lead to different projections of the
Earth-Sun vector on the Earth Ecliptic plane of date.
As an example, note that the average difference in position of the +X
axis of this frame, when using DE405 vs. DE403 ephemerides, is about
14.3 micro-radians, with a maximum of 15.0 micro-radians.
\begindata
FRAME_GSE = 1500399
FRAME_1500399_NAME = 'GSE'
FRAME_1500399_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1500399_CLASS_ID = 1500399
FRAME_1500399_CENTER = 399
FRAME_1500399_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1500399_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1500399_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1500399_PRI_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1500399_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1500399_PRI_FRAME = 'ECLIPDATE'
FRAME_1500399_PRI_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1500399_PRI_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
FRAME_1500399_SEC_AXIS = 'X'
FRAME_1500399_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_POSITION'
FRAME_1500399_SEC_OBSERVER = 'EARTH'
FRAME_1500399_SEC_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1500399_SEC_ABCORR = 'NONE'
\begintext
Earth Mean Equator and Equinox of Date frame (EME)
--------------------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Earth Mean Equator and Equinox of Date frame is defined as follows:
- +Z axis is aligned with the north-pointing vector normal to the
mean equatorial plane of the Earth;
- +X axis points along the ``mean equinox'', which is defined as the
intersection of the Earth's mean orbital plane with the Earth's mean
equatorial plane. It is aligned with the cross product of the
north-pointing vectors normal to the Earth's mean equator and mean
orbit plane of date;
- +Y axis is the cross product of the Z and X axes and completes the
right-handed frame;
- the origin of this frame is the Earth's center of mass.
The mathematical model used to obtain the orientation of the Earth's mean
equator and equinox of date frame is the 1976 IAU precession model, built
into SPICE.
The base frame for the 1976 IAU precession model is J2000.
Required Data:
--------------
The usage of this frame does not require additional data since the
precession model used to define this frame is already built into
SPICE.
Remarks:
--------
None.
\begindata
FRAME_EME = 1501399
FRAME_1501399_NAME = 'EME'
FRAME_1501399_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1501399_CLASS_ID = 1501399
FRAME_1501399_CENTER = 399
FRAME_1501399_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1501399_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1501399_FAMILY = 'MEAN_EQUATOR_AND_EQUINOX_OF_DATE'
FRAME_1501399_PREC_MODEL = 'EARTH_IAU_1976'
FRAME_1501399_ROTATION_STATE = 'ROTATING'
\begintext
Geocentric Solar Equatorial frame (GSEQ)
----------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Geocentric Solar Equatorial frame is defined as follows (from [7]):
- +X axis is the position of the Sun relative to the Earth; it's
the primary vector and points from the Earth to the Sun;
- +Z axis is the component of the Sun's north pole of date orthogonal
to the +X axis;
- +Y axis completes the right-handed reference frame;
- the origin of this frame is the Earth's center of mass.
All the vectors are geometric: no aberration corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using two different types
of specifications for the primary and secondary vectors.
The primary vector is defined as an 'observer-target position' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Earth-Sun vector
in J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
The secondary vector is defined as a constant vector in the IAU_SUN
frame, which is a PCK-based frame, therefore a PCK file containing
the orientation constants for the Sun has to be loaded before using
this frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on the IAU_SUN frame, whose evaluation is
based on the data included in the loaded PCK file: different orientation
constants for the Sun's spin axis will lead to different frames. It is
strongly recommended to indicate what data have been used in the
evaluation of this frame when referring to it, i.e.GSEQ using IAU 2000
constants.
Since the primary vector of this frame is defined as an 'observer-target
position' vector, the usage of different planetary ephemerides
conduces to different implementations of this frame. As an example,
the difference between using DE405 or DE403 ephemerides is, in average,
approximately 10.9 micro-radians, with a maximum of 21.6 micro-radians.
\begindata
FRAME_GSEQ = 1502399
FRAME_1502399_NAME = 'GSEQ'
FRAME_1502399_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1502399_CLASS_ID = 1502399
FRAME_1502399_CENTER = 399
FRAME_1502399_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1502399_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1502399_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1502399_PRI_AXIS = 'X'
FRAME_1502399_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_POSITION'
FRAME_1502399_PRI_OBSERVER = 'EARTH'
FRAME_1502399_PRI_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1502399_PRI_ABCORR = 'NONE'
FRAME_1502399_SEC_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1502399_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1502399_SEC_FRAME = 'IAU_SUN'
FRAME_1502399_SEC_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1502399_SEC_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
\begintext
Earth Mean Ecliptic and Equinox of Date frame (ECLIPDATE)
---------------------------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Earth Mean Ecliptic and Equinox of Date frame is defined as follows:
- +Z axis is aligned with the north-pointing vector normal to the
mean orbital plane of the Earth;
- +X axis points along the ``mean equinox'', which is defined as the
intersection of the Earth's mean orbital plane with the Earth's mean
equatorial plane. It is aligned with the cross product of the
north-pointing vectors normal to the Earth's mean equator and mean
orbit plane of date;
- +Y axis is the cross product of the Z and X axes and completes the
right-handed frame;
- the origin of this frame is the Earth's center of mass.
The mathematical model used to obtain the orientation of the Earth's mean
equator and equinox of date frame is the 1976 IAU precession model, built
into SPICE.
The mathematical model used to obtain the mean orbital plane of the Earth
is the 1980 IAU obliquity model, also built into SPICE.
The base frame for the 1976 IAU precession model is J2000.
Required Data:
--------------
The usage of this frame does not require additional data since both the
precession and the obliquity models used to define this frame are already
built into SPICE.
Remarks:
--------
None.
\begindata
FRAME_ECLIPDATE = 1503399
FRAME_1503399_NAME = 'ECLIPDATE'
FRAME_1503399_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1503399_CLASS_ID = 1503399
FRAME_1503399_CENTER = 399
FRAME_1503399_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1503399_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1503399_FAMILY = 'MEAN_ECLIPTIC_AND_EQUINOX_OF_DATE
FRAME_1503399_PREC_MODEL = 'EARTH_IAU_1976'
FRAME_1503399_OBLIQ_MODEL = 'EARTH_IAU_1980'
FRAME_1503399_ROTATION_STATE = 'ROTATING'
\begintext
Mars Mean Equator of Date frame (MME)
-------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Mars Mean Equator of Date frame (also known as Mars Mean Equator
and IAU vector of Date frame) is defined as follows (from [5]):
- X-Y plane is defined by the Mars equator of date: the
+Z axis, primary vector, is parallel to the Mars' rotation
axis of date, pointing toward the North side of the invariant
plane;
- +X axis is defined by the intersection of the Mars' equator of
date with the J2000 equator;
- +Y axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is Mars' center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using constant vectors as
the specification method. The secondary vector is defined in the J2000
frame and therefore it does not require to load any additional data.
The primary vector is defined as a constant vector in the IAU_MARS
frame, which is a PCK-based frame, therefore a PCK file containing
the orientation constants for Mars has to be loaded before using this
frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on the IAU_MARS frame, whose evaluation is
based on the data included in the loaded PCK file: different orientation
constants for Mars' spin axis will lead to different frames. It is
strongly recommended to indicate which data have been used in the
evaluation of this frame when referring to it, i.e. MME using IAU 2000
constants.
This frame is provided as the ``most generic'' Mars Mean Equator of
Date frame since the user has the possibility of loading different Mars
orientation constants that would help him/her to define different
implementations of this frame.
\begindata
FRAME_MME = 1500499
FRAME_1500499_NAME = 'MME'
FRAME_1500499_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1500499_CLASS_ID = 1500499
FRAME_1500499_CENTER = 499
FRAME_1500499_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1500499_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1500499_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1500499_PRI_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1500499_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1500499_PRI_FRAME = 'IAU_MARS'
FRAME_1500499_PRI_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1500499_PRI_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
FRAME_1500499_SEC_AXIS = 'Y'
FRAME_1500499_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1500499_SEC_FRAME = 'J2000'
FRAME_1500499_SEC_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1500499_SEC_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
\begintext
Mars Mean Equator of Date frame based on IAU 2000 Mars Constants (MME_IAU2000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The MME_IAU2000 frame is based on Mean Mars Equator and IAU
vector of date evaluated using IAU 2000 Mars rotation constants.
This frame is implemented as as Euler frame, mathematically identical
to the PCK frame IAU_MARS based on IAU 2000 Mars rotation constants
but without prime meridian rotation terms.
The PCK data defining the IAU_MARS frame are:
BODY499_POLE_RA = ( 317.68143 -0.1061 0. )
BODY499_POLE_DEC = ( 52.88650 -0.0609 0. )
BODY499_PM = ( 176.630 350.89198226 0. )
These values are from [6].
Here pole RA/Dec terms in the PCK are in degrees and degrees/century;
the rates have been converted to degrees/sec. Prime meridian terms
from the PCK are disregarded.
The 3x3 transformation matrix M defined by the angles is
M = [ 0.0] [angle_2] [angle_3]
3 1 3
Vectors are mapped from the J2000 base frame to the MME_IAU2000
frame via left multiplication by M.
The relationship of these Euler angles to RA/Dec for the
J2000-to-IAU Mars Mean Equator of Date transformation is as follows:
angle_1 is 0.0
angle_2 is pi/2 - Dec * (radians/degree)
angle_3 is pi/2 + RA * (radians/degree), mapped into the
range 0 < angle_3 < 2*pi
-
Since when we define the MME_IAU2000 frame we're defining the
*inverse* of the above transformation, the angles for our Euler frame
definition are reversed and the signs negated:
angle_1 is -pi/2 - RA * (radians/degree), mapped into the
range 0 < angle_3 < 2*pi
-
angle_2 is -pi/2 + Dec * (radians/degree)
angle_3 is 0.0
The resulting values for the coefficients are (in degrees):
ANGLE_1 = -47.68143 0.33621061170684714E-10
ANGLE_2 = -37.11350 -0.19298045478743630E-10
ANGLE_3 = 0.00000 0.0000
Required Data:
--------------
Since the frame definition incorporates all the required data for
evaluating this frame's orientation, the usage of this frame does not
require additional data
Remarks:
--------
None.
\begindata
FRAME_MME_IAU2000 = 1501499
FRAME_1501499_NAME = 'MME_IAU2000'
FRAME_1501499_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1501499_CLASS_ID = 1501499
FRAME_1501499_CENTER = 499
FRAME_1501499_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1501499_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1501499_FAMILY = 'EULER'
FRAME_1501499_EPOCH = @2000-JAN-1/12:00:00
FRAME_1501499_AXES = ( 3 1 3 )
FRAME_1501499_UNITS = 'DEGREES'
FRAME_1501499_ANGLE_1_COEFFS = ( -47.68143
0.33621061170684714E-10 )
FRAME_1501499_ANGLE_2_COEFFS = ( -37.1135
-0.19298045478743630E-10 )
FRAME_1501499_ANGLE_3_COEFFS = ( 0.0 )
\begintext
Mars-centric Solar Orbital frame (MSO)
--------------------------------------------------------
Definition:
-----------
The Mars-centric Solar Orbital frame is defined as follows:
- The position of the Sun relative to Mars is the primary vector:
+X axis points from Mars to the Sun;
- The inertially referenced velocity of the Sun relative to Mars
is the secondary vector: +Y axis is the component of this
velocity vector orthogonal to the +X axis;
- +Z axis completes the right-handed system;
- the origin of this frame is Mars' center of mass.
All vectors are geometric: no corrections are used.
Required Data:
--------------
This frame is defined as a two-vector frame using two different types
of specifications for the primary and secondary vectors.
The primary vector is defined as an 'observer-target position' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Mars-Sun vector
in J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
The secondary vector is defined as an 'observer-target velocity' vector,
therefore, the ephemeris data required to compute the Mars-Sun velocity
vector in the J2000 frame have to be loaded before using this frame.
Remarks:
--------
This frame is defined based on SPK data: different planetary
ephemerides (DE families) for Mars, the Sun and the Solar System
Barycenter will lead to different implementations of the frame. As an
example, the difference between using DE405 and DE403 ephemerides is,
on average, approximately 11.1 micro-radians, with a maximum of 13.4
micro-radians.
\begindata
FRAME_MSO = 1502499
FRAME_1502499_NAME = 'MSO'
FRAME_1502499_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1502499_CLASS_ID = 1502499
FRAME_1502499_CENTER = 499
FRAME_1502499_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1502499_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1502499_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1502499_PRI_AXIS = 'X'
FRAME_1502499_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_POSITION'
FRAME_1502499_PRI_OBSERVER = 'MARS'
FRAME_1502499_PRI_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1502499_PRI_ABCORR = 'NONE'
FRAME_1502499_SEC_AXIS = 'Y'
FRAME_1502499_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'OBSERVER_TARGET_VELOCITY'
FRAME_1502499_SEC_OBSERVER = 'MARS'
FRAME_1502499_SEC_TARGET = 'SUN'
FRAME_1502499_SEC_ABCORR = 'NONE'
FRAME_1502499_SEC_FRAME = 'J2000'
\begintext
Generic Inertial Frames
========================================================================
This section contains the definitions of the Generic Inertial Frames
used within the ESA Planetary Missions, which are not 'built-in' into
the SPICE toolkit.
Heliocentric Inertial frame (HCI)
------------------------------------------------------
The Heliocentric Inertial Frame is defined as follows (from [3]):
- X-Y plane is defined by the Sun's equator of epoch J2000: the +Z
axis, primary vector, is parallel to the Sun's rotation axis of
epoch J2000, pointing toward the Sun's north pole;
- +X axis is defined by the ascending node of the Sun's equatorial
plane on the ecliptic plane of J2000;
- +Y completes the right-handed frame;
- the origin of this frame is the Sun's center of mass.
Note that even when the original frame defined in [3] is referenced
to the orientation of the Solar equator in J1900, the HCI frame is
based on J2000 instead.
It is possible to define this frame as a dynamic frame frozen at
J2000 epoch, using the following set of keywords:
FRAME_HCI = 1502010
FRAME_1502010_NAME = 'HCI'
FRAME_1502010_CLASS = 5
FRAME_1502010_CLASS_ID = 1502010
FRAME_1502010_CENTER = 10
FRAME_1502010_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
FRAME_1502010_DEF_STYLE = 'PARAMETERIZED'
FRAME_1502010_FAMILY = 'TWO-VECTOR'
FRAME_1502010_PRI_AXIS = 'Z'
FRAME_1502010_PRI_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1502010_PRI_FRAME = 'IAU_SUN'
FRAME_1502010_PRI_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1502010_PRI_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
FRAME_1502010_SEC_AXIS = 'Y'
FRAME_1502010_SEC_VECTOR_DEF = 'CONSTANT'
FRAME_1502010_SEC_FRAME = 'ECLIPJ2000'
FRAME_1502010_SEC_SPEC = 'RECTANGULAR'
FRAME_1502010_SEC_VECTOR = ( 0, 0, 1 )
In the above implementation of this frame, the primary vector is
defined as a constant vector in the IAU_SUN frame, which is a
PCK-based frame, therefore a PCK file containing the orientation
constants for the Sun has to be loaded before using this frame.
Due to the fact that the transformation between the HCI frame and J2000
frame is fixed and time independent, the HCI frame can be implemented
as a fixed offset frame relative to the J2000 frame. The rotation matrix
provided in the definition was computed using the following PXFORM call:
CALL PXFORM( 'HCI', 'J2000', 0.D0, MATRIX )
using the implementation of the frame given above, and the following PCK:
PCK00008.TPC
which contains the following constants for the SUN (from [5]):
BODY10_POLE_RA = ( 286.13 0. 0. )
BODY10_POLE_DEC = ( 63.87 0. 0. )
This new implementation of the frame is preferred for computing efficiency
reasons.
\begindata
FRAME_HCI = 1502010
FRAME_1502010_NAME = 'HCI'
FRAME_1502010_CLASS = 4
FRAME_1502010_CLASS_ID = 1502010
FRAME_1502010_CENTER = 10
TKFRAME_1502010_SPEC = 'MATRIX'
TKFRAME_1502010_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
TKFRAME_1502010_MATRIX = (
0.2458856764679510 0.8893142951159845 0.3855649343628876
-0.9615455562494245 0.1735802308455697 0.2128380762847277
0.1223534934723278 -0.4230720836476433 0.8977971010607901
)
\begintext
Venus Mean Equator of Date J2000 frame (VME2000)
------------------------------------------------
The Venus Mean Equator of Date J2000 is defined as follows:
- +Z axis points toward Venus North Pole of date J2000;
- +X axis points toward the Venus IAU vector of date J2000. Venus
IAU vector of date is defined as the intersection between the
Venus equator of date and the J2000 equator;
- +Y axis completes the right-hand frame;
- the origin of this frame is Venus center of mass.
The VME2000 frame is the VME frame frozen at J2000 (using the IAU
2000 constants for Venus' North Pole and prime meridian). For
computing efficiency reasons this frame is defined as a fixed offset
frame relative to the J2000 frame. The rotation matrix provided in
the definition was computed using the following PXFORM call:
CALL PXFORM( 'VME', 'J2000', 0.D0, MATRIX )
using the following kernel file:
PCK00008.TPC
which implements the following IAU constants for Venus (from [5]):
BODY299_POLE_RA = ( 272.76 0. 0. )
BODY299_POLE_DEC = ( 67.16 0. 0. )
BODY299_PM = ( 160.20 -1.4813688 0. )
Note that the prime meridian terms are not used on the evaluation of
the VME frame.
\begindata
FRAME_VME2000 = 1503299
FRAME_1503299_NAME = 'VME2000'
FRAME_1503299_CLASS = 4
FRAME_1503299_CLASS_ID = 1503299
FRAME_1503299_CENTER = 299
TKFRAME_1503299_SPEC = 'MATRIX'
TKFRAME_1503299_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
TKFRAME_1503299_MATRIX = (
0.9988399975085458 0.0481524597204341 0.0000000000000000
-0.0443769404401835 0.9205233405740161 0.3881590738545506
0.0186908141689023 -0.3877088083617988 0.9215923900425704
)
\begintext
Moon Mean Equator of Date J2000 frame (LME2000)
-----------------------------------------------
The Moon Mean Equator of Date J2000 is defined as follows:
- +Z axis points toward Moon's North Pole of date J2000;
- +X axis points toward the Moon's equinox of date J2000. Moon's
equinox of date J2000 is defined as the intersection between the
Moon's equator of date and the J2000 equator;
- +Y axis completes the right-hand frame;
- the origin of this frame is Moon's center of mass.
The LME2000 frame is the LME frame frozen at J2000 (using the IAU 2000
constants for the Moon's North Pole, prime meridian and nutation model).
For computing efficiency reasons this frame is defined as a fixed offset
frame relative to the J2000 frame. The rotation matrix provided in the
definition was computed using the following PXFORM call:
CALL PXFORM( 'LME', 'J2000', 0.D0, MATRIX )
using the following kernel files:
PCK00008.TPC
which implements the following IAU constants for the Moon (from [5]):
- Moon's J2000 right ascension and declination (RA and DEC) of the
north pole.
BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 269.9949 0.0031 0. )
BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( 66.5392 0.0130 0. )
- Coefficients of the trigonometric terms for the computation of the
nutation and precession of the Moon:
BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.8787 -0.1204 0.0700 -0.0172
0.0 0.0072 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0052 0.0 0.0
0.0043 )
BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 1.5419 0.0239 -0.0278 0.0068
0.0 -0.0029 0.0009 0.0
0.0 0.0008 0.0 0.0
-0.0009 )
The effective RA/DEC of the Moon's North pole is computed, for a given
time as:
alpha = 269.9949 + 0.0031 T - 3.8787 sin(E1) - 0.1204 sin(E2)
0
+ 0.0700 sin(E3) - 0.0172 sin(E4)
+ 0.0072 sin(E6) - 0.0052 sin(E10)
+ 0.0043 sin(E13)
delta = 66.5392 + 0.013 T + 1.5419 cos(E1) + 0.0239 cos(E2)
0
- 0.0278 cos(E3) + 0.0068 cos(E4)
- 0.0029 cos(E6) + 0.0009 cos(E7)
+ 0.0008 cos(E10) - 0.0009 cos(E13)
where T represents centuries past J2000 ( TDB ), and the nutation
precession angles for the Earth-Moon system are:
E1 = 125.045 - 0.0529921 d
E2 = 250.089 - 0.1059842 d
E3 = 260.008 + 13.0120009 d
E4 = 176.625 + 13.3407154 d
E5 = 357.529 + 0.9856003 d
E6 = 311.589 + 26.4057084 d
E7 = 134.963 + 13.0649930 d
E8 = 276.617 - 0.3287146 d
E9 = 34.226 - 1.7484877 d
E10 = 15.134 - 0.1589763 d
E11 = 119.743 + 0.0036096 d
E12 = 239.961 + 0.1643573 d
E13 = 25.053 + 12.9590088 d
where d represents days past J2000 ( TDB )
\begindata
FRAME_LME2000 = 1502301
FRAME_1502301_NAME = 'LME2000'
FRAME_1502301_CLASS = 4
FRAME_1502301_CLASS_ID = 1502301
FRAME_1502301_CENTER = 301
TKFRAME_1502301_SPEC = 'MATRIX'
TKFRAME_1502301_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
TKFRAME_1502301_MATRIX = (
0.9984965052050879 -0.0548154092680678 0.0000000000000000
0.0499357293985326 0.9096101252380440 0.4124510189026893
-0.0226086714041825 -0.4118309009426129 0.9109797785934293
)
\begintext
Mars Mean Equator of Date J2000 frame (MME2000)
-----------------------------------------------
The Mars Mean Equator of Date J2000 is defined as follows:
- +Z axis points toward Mars North Pole of date J2000;
- +X axis points toward the Mars IAU vector of date J2000. Mars
IAU vector of date is defined as the intersection between the
Mars equator of date and the J2000 equator;
- +Y axis completes the right-hand frame;
- the origin of this frame is Mars center of mass.
The MME2000 frame is the MME_IAU2000 frame frozen at J2000. For computing
efficiency reasons this frame is defined as a fixed offset frame relative
to the J2000 frame. The rotation matrix provided in the definition was
computed using the following PXFORM call:
CALL PXFORM( 'MME_IAU2000', 'J2000', 0.D0, MATRIX )
\begindata
FRAME_MME2000 = 1503499
FRAME_1503499_NAME = 'MME2000'
FRAME_1503499_CLASS = 4
FRAME_1503499_CLASS_ID = 1503499
FRAME_1503499_CENTER = 499
TKFRAME_1503499_SPEC = 'MATRIX'
TKFRAME_1503499_RELATIVE = 'J2000'
TKFRAME_1503499_MATRIX = (
0.6732521982472339 0.7394129276360180 0.0000000000000000
-0.5896387605430040 0.5368794307891331 0.6033958972853946
0.4461587269353556 -0.4062376142607541 0.7974417791532832
)
\begintext